Personality as a moderator of context effects on academic achievement

We investigated whether personality moderates group influence of classmates on academic achievement and whether these so-called context effects can be attributed to peer pressure. The sample consisted of 2498 students in their first year of Dutch secondary education. The data were analyzed by a two-level (students within classes) analysis, separately for boys (n = 1033, in 92 classes) and girls (n = 1465, in 119 classes). For both sexes, we found a context effect on Dutch language achievement but not on mathematics achievement. Emotional Stability appeared a moderator of this context effect but for girls only. The results suggest further that peer pressure is not a likely mechanism of group influence of classmates on academic achievement.     

授权赋能领导行为对员工内部人身份感知的影响:基于组织的自尊的调节作用

从组织投资的视角,研究授权赋能领导行为、内部人身份感知与组织公民行为之间的关系.通过问卷调查,搜集了一家企业146名主管和下属的配对数据.研究结果表明,领导授权赋能行为对员工内部人身份感知有积极的影响作用,同时,内部人身份感知在授权赋能领导行为和员工组织公民行为之间起到完全中介作用,同时,员工基于组织的自尊对内部人身份感知的中介效应起到调节作用.最后还讨论了未来的研究方向和实际应用的意义等内容.     

Ethnicity as a social context for the development of African-American adolescents

Does anticipated future racial discrimination undermine African-American adolescents' academic motivation and performance? Do face-to-face experiences with racial discrimination at school undermine African-American adolescents' academic functioning? Does African-American ethnic identity buffer these relations? This paper addresses these questions using two waves of data from a longitudinal study of an economically diverse sample of African-American adolescents living near Washington D.C. The data were collected at the beginning of the 7th grade and after the completion of the 8th grade. As expected, the experiences of day-to-day racial discrimination at school from one's teachers and peers predicted declines in grades, academic ability self-concepts, and academic task values. A strong, positive connection to one's ethnic group (our measure of ethnic identity) reduced the magnitude of the association of racial discrimination experiences with declines in both academic self-concepts and school achievement. Most youth responded to anticipated future discrimination with increased academic motivation.     

未来中国马克思主义哲学

中国马克思主义哲学研究的未来走向,与过去和现在的研究现状密切相关,必然受多种因素的制约,主要是:马克思主义哲学中国化的传统、时代与时代主题、中国现代化建设的历史进程、世界性的哲学交流与对话等等。论文就相关问题,如哲学与政治、学术性与现实性、理论与实践、哲学与群众、主流学派与非主流学派、革命家与哲学家、哲学研究方式与实证研究方式等进行讨论。论文的结论:中国化的马克思主义研究将仍然是主流,过去哲学研究那种大一统的局面将不复存在,多样性的研究、主流学派与非主流学派并存,在建设中国特色的社会主义中,各种研究路径互相竞争、互相切磋、互相促进,未来中国马克思主义哲学研究将会出现前所未有的繁荣     

心理契约破坏对组织公民行为的影响：同事支持感的调节作用

采用问卷调查法,研究了同事支持感（perceived coworker support）在心理契约破坏和组织公民关系间的调节作用。研究结果表明：同事支持感会削弱心理契约破坏和组织公民行为的关系的强度,即当个体感知到较高程度的同事支持,虽然个体感受到心理契约被破坏,也会维持较高程度的组织公民行为。     

教师组织公民行为与教学效能感的关系研究

文章采用教师组织公民行为与教师教学效能感问卷,对广州市的205名初中教师进行了研究,以探讨学校等级、性别、职称、学历、教龄等背景变量对初中教师组织公民行为、教学效能感的影响,以及教师组织公民行为与教师教学效能感之间的关系。结果发现:教师组织公民行为、教学效能感在学校等级和职称上存在着显著性差异;教师组织公民行为与教师教学效能感之间存在着显著性相关,教师组织公民行为中的认同组织和良心行为因子是教师教学效能感的有效预测变量。     

Solidarity and Reciprocity Between People With and Without Disabilities

Governments of contemporary welfare states call upon citizens to care for people with psychiatric or intellectual disabilities. This is deemed sensible and morally just. However, social–psychological theory suggests that stereotyping may stand in the way of engaging into contact. Sociological theory suggests that the giving of help is based on either balanced or generalized reciprocity. Balanced reciprocity depends on one's ability to ‘pay back’, which people with disabilities may have trouble doing. Generalized reciprocity depends on close social bonds, while people with disabilities often have fewer social bonds than other citizens. The current study aimed to find out whether citizens—despite socio‐psychological and sociological theories expecting otherwise—enter into supporting relationships with people with intellectual or psychiatric disabilities. Although we found socio‐psychological and sociological theory to be largely correct, we also found people to be more creative than theory assumes. A smile can be experienced as a return gift, thus including people with intellectual disabilities in the web of balanced reciprocity. Some people create new social bonds to include people with disabilities: they feel close to them because they had a job in the healthcare sector or because they had a family member with a disability. In disadvantaged neighbourhoods, recognition of each other's problems can create feelings of similarity and concomitant reciprocity. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

积极应对还是逃避? 主动性人格对职场排斥与组织公民行为的影响机制

基于压力转换理论,考察主动性人格对职场排斥与组织公民行为的调节机制,尤其是应对策略对整个调节机制的中介作用。通过对9家企业的249对上下级匹配问卷分析发现,主动性人格对职场排斥与组织公民行为关系具有调节作用,对于高主动性人格的员工而言,职场排斥与组织公民行为负向关系更弱;主动性人格正向影响积极应对策略,负向影响逃避应对策略;积极应对策略对职场排斥与组织公民行为关系具有调节作用,当员工采用积极应对策略时,职场排斥与组织公民行为的负向关系更弱;积极应对策略中介了主动性人格对职场排斥与组织公民行为关系的调节作用。本文的研究结果不仅从理论上丰富和拓展了主动性人格、应对策略及职场排斥的关系研究,也从排斥应对的视角为实务界提供了实践指导。     

组织公民行为研究的新视角

对2000年以后组织公民行为领域出现的最新研究动态进行讨论和分析,主要包括基于社会资本和社会网络的组织公民行为研究、社会规范对组织公民行为的影响、群体层次的组织公民行为研究以及对组织公民行为的负面作用的探讨。作者分别讨论了上述4个最近研究方向在我国研究的理论和实践意义,并提出了一些具体的研究建议。最后,作者对这4个研究方向的相互关系和整合提出了自己的观点