Relative Importance and Utility of Positive Worker States: A Review and Empirical Examination

Our purpose was to identity the unique contribution, relative importance, and utility of positive worker states. Using Luthans et al.'s (2007) five positive organizational behavior criteria, a variety of positive worker states were reviewed and then empirically tested to establish if they met these criteria. Data were collected from 724 restaurant employees. Positive worker states included: job involvement, perceived organizational support, engagement, and vigor. Criteria were self-reported performance, customer service, turnover intention, satisfaction, and quality of life. Our review indicated consistency between predictor adequacy of meeting the criteria and their empirical relationship with key outcomes. This research found the positive worker states to be independent constructs that had differential effects depending on the focused outcome. Regression and relative weights analyses showed involvement was a weak predictor of outcomes, while perceived organizational support was the most consistent predictor. Vigor was most useful when predicting job performance. Quality of life was poorly explained.     

Interest Patterns as Related to Fields of Concentration Among Engineering Students

The author designed, constructed, and demonstrated an apparatus the function of which was to make possible the study of the effects of a stressor animal upon experimental animals.     

The Order of Dominance Among Conceptual Capacities: An Experimental Test of Heidbreder'S Hypothesis

College freshmen in an educational opportunity program were trained in an orientation program by behavior rehearsal techniques to cope with the social demands of some in-class and out-of-class situations. At the end of their freshman year, data were available on 48 male and 51 female black students and 23 male and 21 female white students. Trainees earned better grades than controls on the campus where training was offered but not at smaller branch campuses. Results suggest the importance of para-academic skills of meeting assignments and knowing when, where, and how to seek help. Academic performance may be enhanced by training in campus and classroom social skills.     

“It Would Be a Shame to Lose Them”: A Critical Historical,Scoping, and Expert Review on the Use of Projective Assessments in Occupational Therapy,Part I

Projective assessments have a long history in occupational therapy, yet their relevance may be questioned. This first article reviews the clinical utility of projective assessments by providing a critical history of their development, followed by a scoping review of the current evidence. The second article outlines the opinions of nine experts in this field. Through this comprehensive process, conceptual and methodological issues are articulated in order to suggest educational and clinical guidelines, and future research avenues. The place of projective assessments in occupational therapy is demonstrated as a salient specialty area of practice in the current evolving landscape of mental health.     

“It Would Be a Shame to Lose Them”: A Critical Historical,Scoping, and Expert Review on the Use of Projective Assessments in Occupational Therapy,Part II

Projective assessments have a long history in occupational therapy, yet their relevance may be questioned. Part I of this article provided a critical history of their development and a scoping review of the evidence. This second article outlines an interview-based qualitative study of the clinical and academic perspectives of nine experts. Through this comprehensive two-part article, conceptual and methodological issues are articulated in order to suggest educational and clinical guidelines, and future research avenues. The place of projective assessments in occupational therapy is demonstrated as a salient specialty area of practice in the current evolving landscape of mental health.     

Assessing and Facilitating School Readiness for Microcomputers

Microcomputers represent a complex educational innovation requiring a planned change approach to program implementation. In this paper, the AVICTORY approach, a framework for assessing organizational readiness for microcomputers, is delineated. A case illustration is presented to demonstrate the relevance of the approach and a strategy for operationalizing and measuring organizational readiness is provided. Activities which may facilitate school readiness for microcomputers are also discussed.     

Psychometric Properties of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire for DSM-IV Among Four Racial Groups

The Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire-IV (GAD-Q-IV) is a self-report diagnostic measure of generalized anxiety disorder. Previous studies have established the psychometric properties of the GAD-Q-IV, revealing excellent diagnostic specificity and sensitivity as well as good test–retest reliability and convergent and discriminant validity (Newman et al., 2002). Recent analyses with other measures of anxiety symptoms have revealed differences across racial or national groups. Given that the GAD-Q-IV was tested primarily on Caucasians (78%), the purpose of this study was to demonstrate the psychometric properties of the GAD-Q-IV across four racial groups: African American, Caucasian, Hispanic/Latino, and Asian. A student sample of 585 undergraduate psychology students completed the GAD-Q-IV as well as other measures of anxiety symptoms. A clinical replication sample included 188 participants who completed the GAD-Q-IV as part of a larger psychotherapy study. Results indicated excellent and very similar factor structures in the student sample and similar psychometric properties in both samples across the racial groups. Implications for the use of the GAD-Q-IV across racial groups are discussed.     

A Test of the Validity of the Motivational Interviewing Treatment Integrity Code

To evaluate the Swedish version of the Motivational Interviewing Treatment Code (MITI), MITI coding was applied to tape‐recorded counseling sessions. Construct validity was assessed using factor analysis on 120 MITI‐coded sessions. Discriminant validity was assessed by comparing MITI coding of motivational interviewing (MI) sessions with information‐ and advice‐giving sessions as well as by comparing MI‐trained practitioners with untrained practitioners. A principal‐axis factoring analysis yielded some evidence for MITI construct validity. MITI differentiated between practitioners with different levels of MI training as well as between MI practitioners and advice‐giving counselors, thus supporting discriminant validity. MITI may be used as a training tool together with supervision to confirm and enhance MI practice in clinical settings. MITI can also serve as a tool for evaluating MI integrity in clinical research.     

羞耻研究:概念、结构及其评定

近年来国内外心理学界有关羞耻的实证研究有了很大的进展,这在很大程度上归因于对羞耻概念本身的深入理解以及相应评定方法的发展。文章梳理了羞耻的概念、结构及其评定的已有研究成果,总结了国内外心理学界在以上三个领域的理论偏向、研究取向和评定范式,指出了已有研究中存在的困惑,最后提出了羞耻概念、结构及评定的未来研究要实现两个转向,一是从研究视角来看,由结构和类型视角转向关系和情境视角,二是从评定范式来看,由西方实证研究范式转向本土研究范式。