Prevalence and correlates of psychological distress of middle-aged and older women living with HIV

The aims of this study were to examine the prevalence and correlates of psychological distress among older women living with HIV in comparison to their male counterparts and younger women and to identify the sociodemographic and disease-related factors associated with psychological distress. The sample consisted of 508 HIV-infected patients (65 older women, 323 women aged below 50 years, and 120 older men) recruited from 10 Portuguese hospitals. Data regarding psychological distress were collected using the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). Seven older women (10.8%), eight older men (6.7%), and 61 younger women (18.9%) reported a T-score ≥ 63 for global severity index (GSI), indicative of a need for further psychological evaluation. Overall, younger women reported significantly higher psychological distress than older men. The odds of having clinically significant psychological distress score were significantly lower for older women reporting sexual transmission, while for younger women, having other co-infections was a significant correlate of higher psychological distress. Younger women were 2.67 (95% CI: 1.22–5.84) times more likely to report psychological distress than were older men. The odds were not significantly different from older women. This study shows that older women do not differ substantially from younger women and older men in terms of psychological distress. The results reinforce, however, that mental health interventions should be tailored to reflect individuals’ circumstances as well as developmental contexts. Moreover, they draw attention to the importance of examining resilience characteristics in older adults to understand the mechanisms behind ‘successful ageing’ while living with HIV.     

艾滋病传播的调查与质性研究——以一个西北少数民族聚居地区为例

运用民族学学科“田野调查”的方法,展开对甘肃省LX州的一个西北少数民族聚居镇——A镇,艾滋病传播的实证研究。论文首先探讨了A镇艾滋病传播的背景与途径;试图从这些访谈实例中,探讨这些艾滋病病毒感染者HIV和艾滋病病人AIDS及其家属面对艾滋病传播的不同文化适应,总结与概括A镇艾滋病传播与社会、文化、经济等因素之间的内在关联与影响。     

对安徽阜阳地区艾滋儿童社会心理支持问题的思考

艾滋病的快速传播不但直接威胁到人类的健康,而且对艾滋病家庭中儿童的心理产生了较大的伤害。开展对艾滋孤儿的社会心理支持,不仅需要心理咨询的介入,而且是一项社会救助的综合工程。针对安徽阜阳地区艾滋病流行的特点,以及艾滋病对儿童身心的影响,提出了为艾滋儿童提供社会心理支持的内容与措施。     

科学分析临床试验结果维护公众健康

近20多年来,循证医学对推动我国疾病访治的科学化、规范化和现代化起到了积极推动作用。但以临床试验为基础的循证医学在我国的20年历程也出现了一些值得关注的问题。本文将向临床医生提供如下信息：如何正确分析临床试验结果,如何合理地将临床试验结果用于临床,以及如何向患者传递科学的医学信息,保护患者利益。     

以白求恩精神接诊老年口腔疾病患者

老年患者是口腔科门诊接诊患者中的特殊群体,本文从医学伦理学角度入手,从口腔疾病诊治中白求恩精神体现角度出发,对老年患者在进行口腔疾病治疗中的生理、心理状态进行分析,以白求恩“把救死扶伤、给患者解除生理及精神病痛,看作是自己最大的幸福”为指导原则。探讨如何能更有效的诊治老年患者口腔疾病,并更好的为老年口腔疾病患者服务。     

AIDS‐NGOs and political participation: Brazilian and Canadian experiences

Non‐governmental organizations (AIDS‐NGO) are an instrument of political pressure and assistance, often serving as a life reconstruction aid for people living with HIV/AIDS. In this case study, we analyze data from historical documents, in‐depth interviews, and questionnaires obtained from participants and community agents in two AIDS‐NGOs: one in Canada (NGO‐Ca), and another in Brazil (NGO‐Br). Despite contextual differences, both NGOs are involved in a fight against stigma and discrimination that may aggravate existing social exclusion. Variances in political participation are nevertheless evident. In NGO‐Ca, efforts are directed towards maintaining and consolidating human and social rights. In NGO‐Br, the primary goal is building these. In NGO‐Ca, the participant is part of a structured organization where he or she receives the required supports; the NGO is thus a service provider. Conversely, in NGO‐Br, the participant is both the actor and author of collectively constructed supportive actions. It is hoped that the lessons learned from this limited case study will assist in the strengthening of AIDS‐NGO organization and activity, particularly in the developing world context. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

病史采集和体格检查医学行为的人文思考

医务人员的言行都体现了一种职业精神,其医学行为在病患眼里是希望、责任、义务、信任、公正和平等以及等等。病史采集和体格检查是医生的基本功,而正是这项基本技能却随着临床检查仪器和设备的不断更新,正被越来越多的医生所轻视,“望、闻、问、切”正逐渐成为医学历史的痕迹。病史采集和体格检查既体现了一位医生的医疗技能,也蕴含着丰富的人文哲理,是医患相互信任、配合的出发点和归宿,是医生与患者交流和沟通的极其重要行之有效的手段,也是疾病诊治的基本条件和必备元素。