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131.
    
This study explored the manner in which a South African informal community coped with living with HIV/AIDS by relying on existing assets and local resources. A case study research design applying participatory reflection and action principles was used. Focus group/workshop sessions were conducted with ten selected female educators from the community. In addition, individual interviews with stakeholders and other members of the community (n=31, males=6, females=25) were also carried out. Supplemental data collection methods included observation, visual techniques, field notes and a reflective journal. The study found that community members coped with HIV/AIDS by relying on culture and family, faith in God, religiosity and prayer. Inner strength, hope, optimism and expectancy appeared to be key resources for informal settlement residents.  相似文献   
132.
    
This investigation adopted a multiple case study approach to determine the personality functioning in people living with HIV/ AIDS (PLWHA). Participants comprised a convenience sample of four PLWHA (male?=?3, female?=?1). The majority of the participants were white (n?=?3) and one was black African. Only one participant was married at the time of participation. Data on aspects such as their suicidal ideation, affect, problem solving styles, ego functioning, self-perception, and interpersonal functioning were collected using the Rorschach inkblot test and clinical interview. The data were actuarially analysed and organised under themes, namely; dominant personality style, capacity for control and stress, situational related stress, affect, interpersonal relations and self-perception. Findings revealed that participants had high levels of potential mood disorders and interpersonal difficulties for which targeted psychological services may be needed.  相似文献   
133.
为了探讨急性创伤青年患者的心理健康水平及小组干预对策,采用三种国际通用量表(SCL-90、HAMA、HAMD)对160例急性创伤青年患者进行测评,在给予传统心理护理的同时,进行小组干预,然后比较患者干预前后心理健康水平;并以既往同种病例为对照,比较治疗效果。结果显示,86.25%的急性创伤青年患者存在有不同程度的心理障碍。通过小组干预后,患者心理健康水平明显提高;患者的临床疗效明显改善。因此小组干预可显著改善急性创伤青年患者的心理应激水平,提高临床疗效。  相似文献   
134.
关于晚期肿瘤患者临终关怀问题的探讨   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
分析了晚期肿瘤患者临终关怀的重要意义和特殊性,论述了临终关怀的主要内容,探讨了临终关怀中的伦理问题,特别是对是否告知患者实情和是否应该放弃治疗等问题进行了深入讨论和分析。并提出晚期肿瘤患者的临终关怀,要从生理、心理、社会、伦理等多方面、多角度关爱患者,帮助患者认识生命价值,理解生命意义,提高生存质量。  相似文献   
135.
白血病患者是一个特殊的群体,承受着巨大的身体痛苦、心理压力和经济负担,本文从三个层面对白血病患者诊治中的医患矛盾加以认识,探讨人文关怀在白血病患者诊治中的体现,注重提高医生的人文素质和沟通技巧,创造和谐的医患关系。  相似文献   
136.
王常生  耿昌明 《心理科学》1999,22(2):112-115
采用WMS—CR和MMSE对临床脑损伤患者进行了认知功能与记忆功能两方面的筛选,获得9名遗忘症患者。然后采用偏好和自由联想两项语义性启动效应任务进行测验,发现遗忘症患者在外显记忆受损情况下,的确存在语义性启动效应,且与正常对照相近。推论语义性启动效应任务与遗忘患者损伤的颞叶或间脑结构无关。同时还讨论了启动效应任务,认为偏好任务采用言语性材料不是理想的方法。  相似文献   
137.
Community-based service providers often hire youth living with HIV (YLH) as peer leaders for delivering HIV education to uninfected adolescents. Life narratives were collected from 44 YLH during a hypotheses-generating two-year ethnographic study. About 30% of the youth were employed as peer educators. While 60% of the 44 youth had a lower-class background, only 23% of the peer leaders were lower class. One-fifth of the sample were female, but more than one-half of the peer leaders were female. After identifying and categorizing difficulties experienced by the peer leaders, a frequency count of each theme was conducted. Issues about professional boundaries were evident in 38.5% of the youth's narratives, indicating conflicts in their roles as peer leaders; 23% of the youth engaged in substance use and sexual behaviors that placed themselves and uninfected youth in their peer educator programs at risk; and 8% of the youth reported relapse while peer leaders. The observations suggest reconsideration or restructuring of existing peer-education models that employ YLH.  相似文献   
138.
AIDS and the responses and attitudes it evokes surpass the analytic abilities of standard bioethics. These responses and attitudes are explored in terms of literary and anthropological categories, such as dirt, disorder, pollution and ritual cleanliness. Implications for medical education are suggested.  相似文献   
139.
The present paper is a commentary on an article by Larry Churchill [1]. Churchill has argued that the negative attitudes and adverse behavior we commonly encounter in connection with (suspected) AIDS patients may be understood in terms of a dualistic myth inspiring a ritual avoidance of dirt, of dirt as something that does not belong to a clean world order. The deep-seated mythical character of attitudes and behavior here makes them less accessible to the kind of rational argument commonly employed in ethics. Churchill also proposes a remedy for the (morally outrageous) dualistic mythical-ritual behavior he has focused — a remedy that may be overly intellectualistic.Three further comments are made: on the metaphorical meaning of myth, on a reductionist tendency in Churchill's deep-looking project, and on an ethically crucial ambiguity in the meaning of the other person's otherness. These (mildly critical) comments do not, however, detract from a positive overall evaluation of Churchill's basic idea that we will understand more about adverse attitudes and behavior in connection with AIDS if we think in terms of myth, ritual, dirt, and cleanliness.  相似文献   
140.
论医护人员对患者隐私权保护的注意义务   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
侵害患者隐私权的医疗纠纷频发,很大原因是医护人员未履行对患者隐私保密的高度注意义务。从具体案例出发,就医护人员对患者隐私权保护的注意义务进行阐释,探究该义务产生的根源,对违反该注意义务的责任进行评析。以期提高医护人员对患者隐私权保护注意义务的重视,减少相关医疗纠纷的发生。  相似文献   
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