幼儿园教师的心理健康:对基于SCL-90量表研究的元分析

症状自评量表(SCL-90)在过去15年里广泛用于幼儿园教师心理健康状况调查,然而调查结论却很不一致。为了综合这些相互矛盾的调查结果,分析其原因,37项原始研究(含42个独立样本)进入了元分析。结果显示:(1)幼儿园教师的SCL-90得分与常模没有显著差别,明显低于中小学教师;(2)城镇教师和农村教师、公办教师与民办教师的得分可能有差异;(3)离婚率、教育经费投入,以及出生死亡率与幼儿园教师的SCL-90得分有显著相关。幼儿园教师在心理健康积极端的表现,以及压力–资源–心理健康之间的因果关系在未来研究中需要更多关注。     

Couple Therapy with Veterans: Early Improvements and Predictors of Early Dropout

Family services within Veterans Affairs Medical Centers fulfill an important role in addressing relationship distress among Veterans, which is highly prevalent and comorbid with psychopathology. However, even for evidence‐based couple therapies, effectiveness is weaker compared to controlled studies, maybe because many Veteran couples drop out early and do not reach the “active” treatment stage after the 3–4 session assessment. In order to improve outcomes, it is critical to identify couples at high risk for early dropout, and understand whether couples may benefit from the assessment as an intervention. The current study examined (a) demographics, treatment delivery mode, relationship satisfaction, and psychological symptoms as predictors of dropout during and immediately following the assessment phase, and (b) changes in relationship satisfaction during assessment. 174 couples completed questionnaires during routine intake procedures. The main analyses focused on 140 male Veterans and their female civilian partners; 36.43% dropped out during the assessment phase and 24.74% of the remaining couples immediately following the first treatment session. More severe depressive symptoms in non‐Veteran partners were associated with dropout during assessment. Relationship satisfaction improved significantly during the assessment phase for couples who did not drop out, with larger gains for non‐Veteran partners. No demographics or treatment delivery mode were associated with dropout. Although more research is needed on engaging couples at risk for early dropout and maximizing early benefits, the findings suggest that clinicians should attend to the civilian partner's and Veteran's depressive symptoms at intake and consider the assessment part of active treatment.     

Specificity of the Association between Marital Discord and Longitudinal Changes in Symptoms of Depression and Generalized Anxiety Disorder in the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing

This longitudinal study was conducted to evaluate actor and partner effects of marital discord on changes in symptoms of depression and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in a large population sample of Irish adults (N = 1,445 couples), adjusting for the potential confounds of quality of other social relationships and other psychopathology symptoms. The Actor–Partner Interdependence Model was used to examine actor and partner effects of marital discord on changes in symptoms of depression and GAD at a 2‐year follow‐up. Additional models examined these associations adjusting for family and friend discord and symptoms of the other type of psychopathology (depressive or GAD symptoms). Actor effects of marital discord on depressive and anxiety symptoms were greater for men than for women. There were significant, positive actor effects of marital discord on depressive symptoms for husbands and wives, which remained significant when adjusting for family and friend discord and GAD symptoms. There were significant, positive actor effects of marital discord on GAD symptoms for husbands, which remained significant when adjusting for family and friend discord and depressive symptoms. Results demonstrate that longitudinal associations between marital discord and depressive symptoms (for wives and husbands) and GAD symptoms (for husbands) are incremental to other rival explanations (family and friend discord and the other set of symptoms). Findings provide evidence for a potential causal association leading from marital discord to symptoms of depression and GAD.     

重庆市农民工心理健康状况调查

采用修订过的精神症状自评量表(SCL-90)探讨分析重庆市农民工心理健康状况。在重庆市南纪门农民工劳务市场随机抽样,测评了有效样本343个。统计分析结果表明:重庆市农民工中等程度以上的心理问题检出率为21.87%;重庆市农民工心理健康水平非常显著低于全国正常人平均水平;不同婚姻状况的重庆市农民工,心理健康水平差异显著;而不同收入水平重庆市农民工心理健康水平没有显著差异。重庆市农民工心理健康问题值得重视与研究。     

Thy-1肿瘤标记物在肝癌的表达及意义研究

探讨Thy-1（又称CD90）表达与肝癌进展的关系。采用免疫组化法检测组织中Thy-1表达,流式细胞术检测外周血CD45^-CD90^＋细胞百分数。结果Thy-1在肝癌有不同程度表达,随病理级别和临床分期增高,表达也增多。故得出结论,Thy-1与肿瘤进展关系密切,检测Thy-1表达对肝癌的预后评估有实用价值。     

A Community‐Responsive Adaptation to Reach and Engage Latino Families Affected by Maternal Depression

As family researchers and practitioners seek to improve the quality and accessibility of mental health services for immigrant families, they have turned to culturally adapted interventions. Although many advancements have been made in adapting interventions for such families, we have yet to understand how the adaptation can ensure that the intervention is reaching families identified to be in greatest need within a local system of care and community. We argue that reaching, engaging, and understanding the needs of families entails a collaborative approach with multiple community partners to ensure that adaptations to intervention content and delivery are responsive to the sociocultural trajectory of families within a community. We describe a cultural adaptation framework that is responsive to the unique opportunities and challenges of identifying and recruiting vulnerable families through community partnerships, and of addressing the needs of families by incorporating multiple community perspectives. Specifically, we apply these principles to the cultural adaptation of an intervention originally developed for low‐income African American and White families facing maternal depression. The new intervention, Fortalezas Familiares (Family Strengths), was targeted to Latino immigrant families whose mothers were in treatment for depression in mental health and primary care clinics. We conclude with key recommendations and directions for how family researchers and practitioners can design the cultural adaptation of interventions to be responsive to the practices, preferences, and needs of underserved communities, including families and service providers.     

The weariness of the hero: depression and the self in a civilization in transition

According to the World Health Organization, depression is currently the leading cause of disability, which is of great concern worldwide; however there is much dispute about depression and its causes. This article raises the hypothesis that depression could be related to an increase or inflation of ego‐consciousness, which, in turn, is inseparable from the development of modernity. The ‘hero’, symbol of this historical process of self‐consciousness and autonomy, stands now wearied and disoriented. The paper outlines how, in this cultural scene, certain ideas from Carl Jung's and James Hillman's depth psychologies may be useful in addressing the issue: the rediscovery of figures of the other through the analysis of the unconscious (Jung) and associating with others in groups imbued with communal sense (Hillman) could help the depressed individual to mitigate his or her inflated ego‐consciousness. These are two complementary ways of experiencing the conglomerate nature of the self, thus promoting the process of individuation.     

女大学生心理健康的测试与培养

本研究抽选198名在校女大学生,采用SCL-90临床症状精神量表测试。结果表明女大学生在人际关系、情绪等方面比正常成人分值略高;课题组通过设计多种心理训练活动,力图培养女大学生的良好心理健康,并为此已有初步成绩。     

郑州大学知识女性心理健康现状分析及干预对策

应用症状自评量表(SCL-90)对163名郑州大学知识女性心理健康状况进行评定,发现:郑州大学知识女性躯体化因子分高于全国常模,总分和其余因子分均低于全国常模,且有非常显著性差异(P<0.001)。郑州大学知识女性心理健康优于一般人群,但仍存在一些问题,应制定相应的心理干预对策,维护和提高郑州大学知识女性的心理健康水平。