Family therapy and systemic interventions for child‐focused problems: the current evidence base

This review updates previous similar papers published in JFT in 2000, 2009 and 2014. It presents evidence from meta‐analyses, systematic literature reviews, narrative literature reviews and controlled trials for the effectiveness of systemic interventions for families of children and adolescents with common mental health problems and other difficulties. In this context, systemic interventions include both family therapy and other family‐based approaches such as parent training, or parent implemented behavioural programmes. The evidence supports the effectiveness of systemic interventions either alone or as part of multimodal programmes for sleep, feeding and attachment problems in infancy; recovery from child abuse and neglect; conduct problems, emotional problems, eating disorders, somatic problems, and first episode psychosis.     

Logics of public communications

Multi-modal versions of propositional logics S5 or S4—commonly accepted as logics of knowledge—are capable of describing static states of knowledge but they do not reflect how the knowledge changes after communications among agents. In the present paper (part of broader research on logics of knowledge and communications) we define extensions of the logic S5 which can deal with public communications. The logics have natural semantics. We prove some completeness, decidability and interpretability results and formulate a general method that solves certain kind of problems involving public communications—among them well known puzzles of Muddy Children and Mr. Sum & Mr. Product. As the paper gives a formal logical treatment of the operation of restriction of the universe of a Kripke model, it contributes also to investigations of semantics for modal logics. This paper was originally published as Plaza, J. A. (1989). Logics of public communications. In M. L. Emrich, M. S. Pfeifer, M. Hadzikadic, & Z.W. Ras (Eds.), Proceedings of the fourth international symposium on methodologies for intelligent systems: Poster session program (pp. 201–216). Publisher: Oak Ridge National Laboratory, ORNL/DSRD-24. Research partly supported by NSF Grant CCR-8702307 and PSC-CUNY Grant 668283.     

杨万里易学中的"二五之应"问题

杨万里治<易>参证史事,对"二五之应"问题尤其青睐.因为它不但得象、得体、得时,还得用.杨万里尤其重视它的"用"问题,由于这个"用","二五之应"不但贯通天人,也彰显史事宗义理派求真、务实的治<易>特色.     

Enumeration of collective entities by 5-month-old infants

Recent findings suggest that infants are capable of distinguishing between different numbers of objects, and of performing simple arithmetical operations. But there is debate over whether these abilities result from capacities dedicated to numerical cognition, or whether infants succeed in such experiments through more general, non-numerical capacities, such as sensitivity to perceptual features or mechanisms of object tracking. We report here a study showing that 5-month-olds can determine the number of collective entities -- moving groups of items -- when non-numerical perceptual factors such as contour length, area, density, and others are strictly controlled. This suggests both that infants can represent number per se, and that their grasp of number is not limited to the domain of objects.     

The Primary and Secondary Factors That Promote Destructive Personalities

The ability of behavioral scientists to assist society deal competently with destructive behavior relies upon a recognition of its causes. Despite the pervasiveness of violence in American society, the roots of destructiveness are still poorly understood. Five primary and five secondary factors found in the developmental histories of people who have become involved in serious destruction are identified and discussed. The confluence of these factors in the steps toward destructive acts are traced.     

Evaluation of the Religiosity in 5-D Scale

ABSTRACT

The goal of this study was to evaluate the factor structure and measurement equivalence of the Religiosity in 5-D Scale (Faulkner & DeJong, 1966). Using 262 participants from the Georgia Centenarian Study (Poon et al., 1992), analyses included exploratory factor analyses without rotation and using rotation, confirmatory factor analyses of a multiple and single factor religiosity construct, the establishment of measurement equivalence across age groups. The 5-D scale maintained a one-factor construct of religiosity. Dimensions of this factor included ideology, experience, ritual, and consequence. A measurement model of the religiosity construct was then established using summary scores. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed a satisfactory model of fit (GFI = .99; CFI = 1.00). Finally, measurement equivalence was maintained across age groups including sexagenarians (GFI = .95), octogenarians (GFI = .89), and centenarians (GFI = .95). The 5-D scale is an appropriate measure for use in aging research.     

CRF受体对五羟色胺系统的调节作用及早期环境因素的影响

早期环境因素持续影响脑与行为的发展,增加个体成年后应激相关精神疾病患病的易感性.应激反应的中枢启动因子促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子(corticotropin-releasing factor,CRF)通过两种受体CRF1和CRF2调节中缝背核(dorsal raphe nucleus,DRN)-五-羟色胺(serotonin,5-HT)系统,后者已被证实在应激相关情绪疾患发病和治疗过程中发挥重要作用.已知CRF受体以相互影响相互拮抗的方式动态调节DRN-5-HT系统,提示这两种受体相对作用的调节对于协调复杂环境中DRN-5-HT系统的应激反应过程起着关键性作用.早期环境因素和遗传因素交互作用导致CRF受体的分布和反应性持续改变并造成DRN-5-HT系统反应异常,可能是导致应激反应和精神疾病易感性个体差异的重要神经基础.     

Towards the DSM‐5 Criteria for Autism: Clinical,Cultural, and Research Implications

The new edition of the DSM is proposing significant changes to current diagnostic definitions of autism and related conditions. In this article, we will discuss the clinical, research, and cultural implications of these changes. We conclude that the new criteria appear to better reflect current understanding of the autism spectrum disorder than the current DSM‐IV criteria. As expected with any major change in classification systems, there are also significant risks, which will have to be carefully monitored and addressed by both policy makers and the scientific community to ensure that best clinical practice and research are facilitated and advanced.