THE WORLDWIDE BURDEN OF INFANT MENTAL AND EMOTIONAL DISORDER: REPORT OF THE TASK FORCE OF THE WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR INFANT MENTAL HEALTH

Children worldwide experience mental and emotional disorders. Mental disorders occurring among young children, especially infants (birth –3 years), often go unrecognized. Prevalence rates are difficult to determine because of lack of awareness and difficulty assessing and diagnosing young children. Existing data, however, suggest that rates of disorders in young children are comparable to those of older children and adolescents (von Klitzing, Dohnert, Kroll, & Grube, 2015 ). The lack of widespread recognition of disorders of infancy is particularly concerning due to the unique positioning of infancy as foundational in the developmental process. Both the brain and behavior are in vulnerable states of development across the first 3 years of life, with potential for enduring deviations to occur in response to early trauma and deprivation. Intervention approaches for young children require sensitivity to their developmental needs within their families. The primacy of infancy as a time of unique foundational risks for disorder, the impact of trauma and violence on young children's development, the impact of family disruption on children's attachment, and existing literature on prevalence rates of early disorders are discussed. Finally, global priorities for addressing these disorders of infancy are highlighted to support prevention and intervention actions that may alleviate suffering among our youngest world citizens.     

Behavioral profile of L‐655,708, a selective ligand for the benzodiazepine site of GABA‐A receptors which contain the α5 subunit,in social encounters between male mice

GABA‐A receptor is a transmembrane hetero‐oligomeric protein which consists of five subunits, the combination of which confers unique pharmacological properties to the receptor. It is well‐known that the GABAergic system is involved in the modulation of aggression. However, the role of α5/GABA‐A receptors has not been explored. In this study, we examined the effect of L‐655,708 (0.625‐5 mg/kg), a selective ligand for the benzodiazepine site of GABA‐A receptors which contain the α5 subunit, on agonistic behavior elicited by isolation in male mice. Individually housed mice were exposed to an anosmic “standard opponent” 30 min after drug administration, and the encounters were videotaped and evaluated using an ethologically based analysis. L‐655,708 (5 mg/kg) exhibited an ethopharmacological profile characterized by a marked reduction of the time spent in offensive behavior (threat and attack) without affecting immobility, accompanied by a significant increase of avoidance/flee and nonsocial exploration behaviors, suggesting that the antiaggressive effect of the drug is unselective. Overall, this behavioral profile might indicate the existence of an anxiogenic‐like activity of L‐655,708 in mice. Aggr. Behav. 30:319–325, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

4～6岁儿童合作行为认知发展特点的研究

采用访谈法对119名4～6岁儿童合作行为认知的发展特点进行了研究。结果表明:(1)幼儿的合作选择认知已经达到了较高水平,其中超过一半的幼儿知道在面对问题时可以与同伴合作解决,而在日常游戏中知道与同伴合作共玩的幼儿更是超过了3.4;(2)幼儿的合作归因主要以结果归因为主,客观条件归因次之;同时,在结果归因中,幼儿主要以个体或活动归因为主,同伴关系和共同利益归因所占比例都相对较少;规则和权威归因在幼儿中仍有一定存在;(3)随着年龄的增长,幼儿合作选择认知和合作归因的水平都不断提高;(4)情境是影响幼儿合作选择认知与合作归因的一个重要因素。     

《黄帝内经》阴阳二十五人分型的数学建模

目的:应用数学建模的方法探索<黄帝内经>阴阳二十五人分型的相应关系.方法:根据<黄帝内经>理论对阴阳(X1)、五行(X2)、五音(X3)和阴阳二十五人健康状态(Y)进行量化,通过SAS循环程序进行数据模拟,建立多元回归模型.结果:多元线性回归方程为Y=7452.24162+625 X1+25X2+0.09832X3.结论:方程揭示了阴阳、五行和五音与阴阳二十五人健康状态的理论关系,为进一步求证阴阳、五行、五音与健康的关系提供了一个数学模型.     

乙酰肝素酶剪接变体T5mRNA在肾癌中的表达

探讨乙酰肝素酶（Hpa）剪接变体T5mRNA在肾癌（RCC）组织中的表达,分析其与RCC发生发展及预后的关系。采用逆转录-聚合酶链反应（半定量RT—PCR）方法检测RCC组织标本及癌旁正常组织标本中T5mRNA的表达。结果RCC组织中T5mRNA阳性率高于癌旁正常组织（P〈0．05）;T5mRNA阳性表达率与RCC病理...     

Maternal depressive history, teen 5HTTLPR genotype, and the processing of emotional faces: Exploring mechanisms of risk

Variations in the serotonin transporter gene (5HTTLPR) and biased processing of face-emotion displays both have been implicated in the transmission of depression risk, but little is known about developmental influences on these relationships. Within a community sample of adolescents, we examine whether 5HTTLPR genotype moderates the link between maternal depressive history and errors in face-emotion labeling. When controlling for current levels of depression and anxiety among youth, a two-way interaction between maternal depressive history and 5HTTLPR genotype was detected. Specifically, adolescents whose mothers reported a depressive history and who had a low expressing genotype made more errors in classifying emotional faces when compared with adolescents with an intermediate or high expressing genotype, with or without maternal depression history. These findings highlight the complex manner in which maternal depression and genetic risk may interact to predict individual differences in social information processing.     

A socio-emotional relational framework for infidelity: the relational justice approach

Current clinical models for addressing infidelity tend not to make social context issues a central focus; yet, societal gender and power structures, such as female responsibility for relationships and limited male vulnerability, affect the etiology of affairs and create power imbalances in intimate relationships. How therapists respond to these societal influences may either limit or enhance the mutual healing of both persons in the relationship. Thus attention to these societal processes is an ethical issue. This paper presents one perspective, the Relational Justice Approach, for working with infidelity. It places gender, power, and culture at the center of intervention in couple therapy, and includes three stages: (1) creating an equitable foundation for healing, (2) placing the infidelity in a societal context, and (3) practicing mutuality. Each stage is illustrated with case examples and contrasted with current practice regarding infidelity.