全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2849篇 |
免费 | 101篇 |
国内免费 | 15篇 |
专业分类
2965篇 |
出版年
2025年 | 2篇 |
2024年 | 23篇 |
2023年 | 36篇 |
2022年 | 37篇 |
2021年 | 74篇 |
2020年 | 112篇 |
2019年 | 140篇 |
2018年 | 129篇 |
2017年 | 116篇 |
2016年 | 142篇 |
2015年 | 95篇 |
2014年 | 181篇 |
2013年 | 509篇 |
2012年 | 93篇 |
2011年 | 161篇 |
2010年 | 94篇 |
2009年 | 157篇 |
2008年 | 164篇 |
2007年 | 147篇 |
2006年 | 86篇 |
2005年 | 80篇 |
2004年 | 56篇 |
2003年 | 39篇 |
2002年 | 27篇 |
2001年 | 13篇 |
2000年 | 16篇 |
1999年 | 12篇 |
1998年 | 13篇 |
1997年 | 3篇 |
1996年 | 11篇 |
1995年 | 7篇 |
1994年 | 10篇 |
1993年 | 4篇 |
1992年 | 4篇 |
1990年 | 1篇 |
1989年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 2篇 |
1985年 | 16篇 |
1984年 | 17篇 |
1983年 | 12篇 |
1982年 | 10篇 |
1981年 | 25篇 |
1980年 | 15篇 |
1979年 | 9篇 |
1978年 | 11篇 |
1977年 | 16篇 |
1976年 | 6篇 |
1975年 | 12篇 |
1974年 | 8篇 |
1973年 | 10篇 |
排序方式: 共有2965条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
101.
102.
《Estudios de Psicología》2013,34(3):343-357
ResumenSe investigó la relación entre las creencias de los profesores, el burnout y las diferencias de edad. Participaron 165 profesores de educación secundaria. Se evaluó: actitud hacia la profesión, fuentes de estrés; burnout; eficacia docente, competencia personal, y afrontamiento. Los resultados indicaron que en el grupo de maestros entre 46 y 60 años difirieron del resto en su actitud hacia la profesión, estrategia de afrontamiento y valor de las fuentes de estrés. El burnout fue relacionado con la creencia en la eficacia de la docencia, con una percepción pobre de la propia competencia personal y con ver las condiciones laborales como una fuente importante de estrés. La conclusión fue que el burnout docente depende de una alta expectativa y motivación para enseñar, combinada con una baja percepción de la competencia personal para resolver problemas en general. 相似文献
103.
《Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)》2013,66(8):1617-1630
Previous studies have demonstrated that discriminative learning is facilitated when a particular outcome is associated with each relation to be learned. When this training procedure is applied (the differential outcomes procedure; DOP), learning is faster and better than when the typical common outcomes procedure or nondifferential outcomes (NDO) is used. Our primary purpose in the two experiments reported here was to assess the potential advantage of DOP in 5-year-old children using three different strategies of reinforcement in which (a) children received a reinforcer following a correct choice (“ + ”), (b) children lost a reinforcer following an incorrect choice (“ ? ”), or (c) children received a reinforcer following a correct choice and lost one following an incorrect choice (“ + / ? ”). In Experiment 1, we evaluated the effects of the presence of DOP and different types of reinforcement on learning and memory of a symbolic delayed matching-to-sample task using secondary and primary reinforcers. Experiment 2 was similar to the previous one except that only primary reinforcers were used. The results from these experiments indicated that, in general, children learned the task faster and showed higher performance and persistence of learning whenever differential outcomes were arranged independent of whether it was differential gain, loss, or combinations. A novel finding was that they performed the task better when they lost a reinforcer following an incorrect choice (type of training “ ? ”) in both experiments. A further novel finding was that the advantage of the DOP over the nondifferential outcomes training increased in a retention test. 相似文献
104.
Magun-Jackson S 《Science and engineering ethics》2004,10(2):219-224
Ethics has become an increasingly important issue within engineering as the profession has become progressively more complex.
The need to integrate ethics into an engineering curriculum is well documented, as education does not often sufficiently prepare
engineers for the ethical conflicts they experience. Recent research indicates that there is great diversity in the way institutions
approach the problem of teaching ethics to undergraduate engineering students; some schools require students to take general
ethics courses from philosophical or religious perspectives, while others integrate ethics in existing engineering courses.
The purpose of this paper is to propose a method to implement the integration of ethics in engineering education that is pedagogically
based on Kohlberg’s stage theory of moral development. 相似文献
105.
The intentional nature of tics provides the opportunity to apply behavioural interventions aimed at tic reduction through interruption of stimulus-response sequences. The aim of this study has been to evaluate the effect of exposure and response prevention (ER) versus habit reversal (HR) in 43 Tourette's syndrome (TS) patients. The three outcome measures were: the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS), 15-min tic frequency registrations monitored at the institute and 15-min home tic frequency registrations. Both treatment conditions resulted in statistically significant improvements on all outcome measures (p < 0.001). No significant differences were found between the treatment conditions on any of the outcome measures, although there was a tendency in favour of ER on the YGTSS (p = 0.05). These results suggest that, at least in the short term, TS tic symptoms can be treated effectively with both types of treatment. 相似文献
106.
Craeynest M Crombez G De Houwer J Deforche B Tanghe A De Bourdeaudhuij I 《Behaviour research and therapy》2005,43(9):1111-1120
This study investigated differences in the explicit and implicit attitudes towards food and physical activities between children with obesity (n=38) and a matched control group (n=38). The implicit attitude was assessed using the Extrinsic Affective Simon Task (EAST; J. Exp. Psychol. (50) (2003) 77), a modified version of the Implicit Association Test (IAT; J. Personality Social Psychol. (74) (1999) 1464). It was expected that both groups would report a positive explicit attitude towards healthy food and intense physical activities, and a negative explicit attitude towards unhealthy food and sedentary activities. Of particular interest was the hypothesis that children with obesity would have a more positive implicit attitude towards unhealthy food and sedentary activities than the control group. Results revealed no differences between groups in the explicit attitude towards food and physical activity. Children and adolescents with obesity had a more pronounced positive implicit attitude towards food in general. The relevance of these findings in terms of prevention, treatment and further research is discussed. 相似文献
107.
Non-human animals and human children can make use of the geometric shape of an environment for spatial reorientation and in
some circumstances reliance on purely geometric information (metric properties of surfaces and sense) can overcome the use
of local featural cues. Little is known as to whether the use of geometric information is in some way reliant on past experience
or, as would likely be argued by advocates of the notion of a geometric module, it is innate. We tested the navigational abilities
of newborn domestic chicks reared in either rectangular or circular cages. Chicks were trained in a rectangular-shaped enclosure
with panels placed at the corners to provide salient featural cues. Rectangular-reared and circular-reared chicks proved equally
able to learn the task. When tested after removal of the featural cues, both rectangular- and circular-reared chicks showed
evidence that they had spontaneously encoded geometric information. Moreover, when trained in a rectangular-shaped enclosure
without any featural cues, chicks reared in rectangular-, circular-, or c-shaped cages proved to be equally able to learn
and perform the task using geometric information. These results suggest that effective use of geometric information for spatial
reorientation does not require experience in environments with right angles and metrically distinct surfaces, thus supporting
the hypothesis of a predisposed geometric module in the animal brain. 相似文献
108.
Chardie L. Baird 《Sex roles》2008,58(3-4):208-221
The effects of community context on occupational aspirations are examined in a national sample of young women in high school
in the USA in 1979 (n = 2,210). Multilevel statistical models indicate that young women living in counties with a lower divorce rate, a lower percentage
of women working, and more people employed in the wholesale and retail industrial sector tended to be less likely to aspire
to paid work than young women living in areas with a higher divorce rate, a higher percentage of women working, and fewer
people employed in the wholesale and retail industrial sector. Community context does not affect the level of young women’s
occupational aspirations as predicted by prior scholarship.
An earlier version of this paper was presented at the 2006 Southern Sociological Society Annual Meetings. The author thanks
John Reynolds, Patricia Yancey Martin, Irene Padavic, Robert Kunovich, Jennifer Keene, Mary Guy, and the editor and reviewers
at Sex Roles for their helpful comments on previous drafts of this paper. 相似文献
109.
Sato Kentaro 《Studia Logica》2008,88(2):295-324
We study filters in residuated structures that are associated with congruence relations (which we call -filters), and develop a semantical theory for general substructural logics based on the notion of primeness for those filters.
We first generalize Stone’s sheaf representation theorem to general substructural logics and then define the primeness of
-filters as being “points” (or stalkers) of the space, the spectrum, on which the representing sheaf is defined. Prime FL-filters
will turn out to coincide with truth sets under various well known semantics for certain substructural logics. We also investigate
which structural rules are needed to interpret each connective in terms of prime -filters in the same way as in Kripke or Routley-Meyer semantics. We may consider that the set of the structural rules that
each connective needs in this sense reflects the difficulty of giving the meaning of the connective. A surprising discovery
is that connectives , ⅋ of linear logic are linearly ordered in terms of the difficulty in this sense.
Presented by Wojciech Buszkowski 相似文献
110.
How experimental algorithmics can benefit from Mayo’s extensions to Neyman–Pearson theory of testing
Thomas Bartz-Beielstein 《Synthese》2008,163(3):385-396
Although theoretical results for several algorithms in many application domains were presented during the last decades, not
all algorithms can be analyzed fully theoretically. Experimentation is necessary. The analysis of algorithms should follow
the same principles and standards of other empirical sciences. This article focuses on stochastic search algorithms, such
as evolutionary algorithms or particle swarm optimization. Stochastic search algorithms tackle hard real-world optimization
problems, e.g., problems from chemical engineering, airfoil optimization, or bio-informatics, where classical methods from
mathematical optimization fail. Nowadays statistical tools that are able to cope with problems like small sample sizes, non-normal
distributions, noisy results, etc. are developed for the analysis of algorithms. Although there are adequate tools to discuss
the statistical significance of experimental data, statistical significance is not scientifically meaningful per se. It is
necessary to bridge the gap between the statistical significance of an experimental result and its scientific meaning. We
will propose some ideas on how to accomplish this task based on Mayo’s learning model (NPT*). 相似文献