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951.
S. J. Charlesworth 《Journal of community & applied social psychology》2005,15(4):296-312
As global market conditions erode traditional forms of solidarity, there is evidence of psychological disturbance among a number of social groups as a direct result. This paper investigates this issue among a disadvantaged working‐class group in South Yorkshire (England) and argues that understanding emerging forms of social suffering requires both a social and a person‐centred approach that transcends normal clinical/psycho‐analytic accounts. The attempt here is to create well‐founded terms of reference that will support investigators who seek to embed agents' case histories in a social‐psychological framework as they set about illuminating social pathologies. The paper attempts to trace the contours of pathology holistically by following its traces as they are manifest in everyday experience and articulated in conversation; thus putting agents' everyday perceptions of the data at the heart of this account. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
952.
Raimo P. Hmlinen 《Journal of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis》2005,13(1):13-13
Decisionarium ( www.decisionarium.hut.fi ) is the first public site for interactive multicriteria decision support with tools for individual decision‐making as well as for group collaboration and negotiation. Web‐HIPRE ( www.hipre.hut.fi ) supports value tree and AHP analysis including group models. The RICH methodology ( www.rich.hut.fi ) allows the decision maker to provide incomplete ordinal preference statements when considering the relative importance of attributes in a value tree. Opinions‐Online ( www.opinion.huf.fi ) is a platform for surveys voting and group collaboration. There are different ways for voting, multiattribute scoring, surveys as well as interactive viewing of the results. Joint Gains ( www.jointgains.hut.fi ) applies the method of improving directions to support multiparty negotiations in a multicriteria setting. Smart Swaps offers an implementation of the even swaps procedure ( www.smart‐swaps.hut.fi ). All of the tools above are web‐based, so global interaction is natural and links can be utilized for multimedia information support. Decisionarium also offers access to complete e‐learning modules ( www.dm.hut.fi ) based on the use of the software. There are also illustrative powerpoint presentations and additional Windows software WINPRE and PRIME‐Decisions for value tree analysis under incomplete information. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
953.
Julia Driver 《Metaphilosophy》2003,34(3):367-383
Abstract: Accounts of virtue suffer a conflation problem when they appear unable to preserve intuitive distinctions between types of virtue. In this essay I argue that a number of influential attempts to preserve the distinction between moral and epistemic virtues fail, on the grounds that they characterize virtuous traits in terms of ‘characteristic motivation’. I claim that this does not distinguish virtuous traits at the level of value‐conferring quality, and I propose that the best alternative is to distinguish them at the level of good produced. It follows from this that a consequentialist account is best placed to avoid a conflation of moral and epistemic virtue. 相似文献
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探讨2型糖尿病患者伴发脑卒中的发生率及相关危险因素,采用头CT扫描,化验血糖、胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白、纤维蛋白原。对我院自2005年7月-2007年7月间收治的2型糖尿病合并脑卒中患者与非糖尿病发生脑卒中患者进行比较分析。200例患者中糖尿病88例,患病率44％,两组患者比较糖尿病并发脑卒中发生多灶性梗死（P〈0．01）,血流变学分析（P〈0．01）其差异有统计学意义。糖尿病合并脑卒中的患者与多种危险因素有关,必须及早控制,防止脑卒中发生、发展,减少致残率。 相似文献
957.
Vasconcelos M Urcuioli PJ Lionello-DeNolf KM 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》2007,87(3):383-399
We report six unsuccessful attempts to replicate the \"work ethic\" phenomenon reported by Clement, Feltus, Kaiser, and Zentall (2000). In Experiments 1-5, pigeons learned two simultaneous discriminations in which the S+ and S- stimuli were obtained by pecking an initial stimulus once or multiple (20 or 40) times. Subsequent preference tests between the S+ stimuli and between the S- stimuli mostly revealed indifference, on average, between the S+ from the multiple-peck (high-effort) trials and the S+ from the one-peck (low-effort) trials, and likewise between the two respective Sstimuli. Using a slightly different procedure that permitted assessment of the relative aversiveness of low versus high effort, Experiment 6 again revealed a pattern of indifference despite showing that pigeons took considerably longer to begin pecking on high- than on low-effort trials. Our findings call into question the reliability of the original findings and the sufficiency of the hypothesized within-trial contrast mechanism to produce them. 相似文献
958.
RICHARD DOUBLE 《Metaphilosophy》2007,38(1):111-121
Abstract: Philosophy teachers converse with troubled students who suffer from what I dub “intelligent collegiate depression” (ICD): a lack of self‐esteem, feelings of futility and pessimism about their futures, a distrust of academic values, and a lack of conviction that their lives matter. Students express their values and their resignation with what approaches conventional wisdom for them: They must be allowed to act as they wish so long as they do not hurt anyone; otherwise it does not matter what they do with their lives. I argue here that students' endorsement of this near‐nihilistic version of Mill's harm principle shows that they are committed to believing in more values than they realize. I then show how to parlay this commitment into a rejection of the worst effects of ICD—all the while holding in abeyance the question of metaethical objectivism vs. subjectivism. My approach shows that accepting a popular ICD premise logically undermines much of the unhappy ICD worldview. 相似文献
959.
Grace RC 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》2004,81(3):215-237
Two experiments are reported in which the ratio of the average times spent in the terminal and initial links (Tt/Ti) in concurrent chains was varied. In Experiment 1, pigeons responded in a three-component procedure in which terminal-link variable-interval schedules were in constant ratio, but their average duration increased across components by a factor of two. The log initial-link response ratio was a negatively accelerated function of Tt/Ti. Overall, the data were well described by Grace's (1994) contextual choice model (CCM) with temporal context represented as (Tt/Ti)k or 2Tt/(Tt + Ti), and by Mazur's (2001) hyperbolic value-added model (HVA), with each model accounting for approximately 93% of the variance. In Experiment 2, fixed-parameter predictions for each model were generated, based on the data from Experiment 1, for conditions in which Tt/Ti was varied over a more extreme range. Data were consistent with the predictions of CCM with temporal context represented as 2Tt/(Tt + Ti) and to a lesser extent as (Tt/Ti)k, but not with HVA. Overall, these results suggest that preference increases as a hyperbolic function of Tt/Ti when terminal-link duration is increased relative to initial-link duration, with the terminal-link schedule ratio held constant. 相似文献
960.
Learning, and even more so by imitation, is an essential Cognitive Functions because it is carried out throughout life and allows us to adapt our behaviors from other beings through observation. In this work, we propose a model, and implementation of the cognitive function of imitation motor learning (IML), based on psychological and neuroscientific evidence. According to the evidence, learning by imitation includes imitation of action and imitation of action over an object sub-processes. The imitation of action consists of the movement of the limbs. The imitation of action over an object consists of the interaction with an object within the environment. We achieve an implementation of the proposed model for IML and endow a virtual entity with it. In order to validate the proposal, we use a case study to analyze the sub-processes performance. From results, we conclude that both imitation of action and imitation of action over an object sub-processes play an essential role in getting the agent to interact with stimuli within the environment. 相似文献