慢性乙型肝炎抗病毒治疗的进展

针对目前乙型肝炎的抗病毒治疗现状以及临床用药中存在的问题进行分析,就如何选择合理治疗方法提出医疗原则,认为对于慢性乙型肝炎的抗病毒治疗,应坚持联合治疗和个体化治疗,长期用药和间断反复用药结合,把病毒抑制到最低水平,以使发生原发性肝癌的可能性减至最小。     

全世界最早的病毒研究机构——弗里德里希·勒夫勒研究院

弗里德里希·勒夫勒研究院(Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut,FLI)由弗里德里希·勒夫勒于1910年创建,是全世界最早开展病毒研究的机构.FLI的使命是关注家畜卫生,研究人畜共患疾病.其主要职能除了研制口蹄疫病、经典猪瘟等动物疾病的一些疫苗外,还为传染性疾病做诊断.FLI在德国6个地方设有10个分支机构,总部设在Riems岛,岛上设有4个研究所;Jena设有2个研究所;Brunswick有1个研究所;Mariensee有1个研究所;Celle有1个研究所;Wuster hausen有1个研究所.FLI的标志人物是弗里德里希·勒夫勒,他是德国著名的微生物学家、卫生学家、病毒学建立者之一,开辟了免疫学,尤其是白喉的治疗等.     

传染病大暴发期间的临床研究：理论合理性和实践可行性

试图从治疗和研究在伦理基础及政策导向上的差异入手,分析在流行病大暴发期间扩大临床试验性治疗和缩短研究进程等策略的不足,指出其局限性及不可行性;阐明知情同意的伦理原则和预警的监管原则是衡量临床研究规范化和安全性的基准。论文得出结论,阶梯式群试验是流行病大暴发期间较为合宜的研究性治疗策略,它可以确保知情同意的伦理原则和预警的监管原则在不动摇的前提下,使研究性治疗及时为患者所得。     

新冠肺炎疫情下科学家的社会责任问题研究

科学家的社会责任问题存在“科学价值中立说”与“科学家的普遍社会责任说”之争。新冠肺炎疫情下的风险社会中,科学家不能持有“事不关己”的“价值中立”态度,而应担负“普遍责任”,他们是疫情防治中的重要行动者。但是,在一些国家出现了科学研究不严谨、科学研究政治化等科学家社会责任缺失现象。需加强科学理性与价值理性的统一、建立重大疫情科学决策咨询制度、改革科技评价方式、精英决策与民主决策相结合、保持科学研究与政治之间的合理张力。     

重大公共卫生事件下学术论文的科研诚信建设

基于撤稿观察数据库,以生物医药领域COVID-19相关的撤稿论文为研究对象,分析撤稿论文中的学术不端现象,并就重大公共卫生事件背景下的学术论文科研诚信问题提出了一些思考与建议：探讨了重大公共卫生事件下科研诚信与学术论文出版速度的辨证关系,通过对学术论文的出版后再评价常态化完善科研诚信监督机制,通过加强学术论文数据管理和共享建立并完善科研诚信应急管理机制,重视生物医药领域的利益冲突问题,充分发挥学术期刊的公信力和传播优势解释学术争鸣,以及进一步夯实我国学术论文科研诚信建设。

     

艾滋病非刑罪化视阈下我国防控策略的伦理思考

审视我国现有法规对艾滋病防控的影响,剖析其在维护个体权益与促进公共卫生平衡中的挑战,以实证案例和艾滋病悖论为切入点,分析艾滋病刑事定罪涉及的伦理问题,提出科学、伦理和法律方面的应对策略。强调将艾滋病病毒传播作为一个公共卫生问题加以解决是最为有效的手段。在法规制定和司法实践中,应纳入科学事实和医学证据,避免过于宽泛的刑事定罪。在决策过程中,应全面考量生命伦理学原则,最大限度避免可能的交叉歧视、多重污名以及暴力伤害。此外,还应重视公共卫生视角下的补充或替代方案,确保干预措施积极有效。

     

客观地看待慢性乙型肝炎抗病毒治疗

乙肝病毒(HBV)感染是我国肝硬化和肝癌的主要致病因子,因此抗HBV治疗十分重要。但是,由于对抗HBV的治疗现状不够了解,不少人在盲目追求彻底清除体内的HBV,以至于弄巧成拙,所以,有必要客观地看待慢性乙型肝炎的抗病毒治疗,以求得到最佳的治疗效果。     

1918年流感世界大流行病毒株溯源

发生于1918年的第一次世界流感大流行夺走至少两千万人的生命,这场灾难赋予了科学家探求其来源的巨大责任感。病毒学家发挥了严谨而又富有创造性的科研精神,使流感病毒的真实面目得以逐步揭开。这些研究成果加深了我们对流感病毒本身的认识,更为重要的是,为下一次流感世界大流行的防治提供了若干有价值的信息。     

Perceived risk of using shared mobility services during the COVID-19 pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused our daily routines to change quickly. The pandemic provokes public fear, resulting in changes in what modes of transport people use to perform their daily activities. It is imperative for transportation authorities to properly identify the different degrees of behavioral change among various social groups. A major factor that can substantially explain individuals’ behavioral changes is the personal risk perceptions toward using shared mobility solutions. Thus, this study explores the risk that individuals perceive while using public transit and ridesharing services (as the most widespread forms of shared mobility) during the COVID-19 pandemic. To do so, we designed and implemented a multidimensional travel-behavior survey in the Chicago metropolitan area that comprises socio-demographic information and retrospective questions related to attitudes and travel behavior before and during the pandemic. Utilizing a bivariate ordered probit modeling approach to better account for the potential correlation between unobserved factors, we simultaneously modeled the perceived risk of exposure to the novel coronavirus in case of riding transit and using ridesharing services. A wide range of factors is found to be influential on the perceived risk of using shared mobility services, including the socio-demographic attributes, built environment settings, and the virus spread. Further, our results indicate that the mitigation strategies to increase the ridership of shared mobility services should be adaptive considering the spatial variations.     

The archetype of the apocalypse. Analysing the pandemics of racism,COVID-19 and climate change

What we are witnessing in the present time in human history, in the 2020’s, is a vortex of intersecting pandemics – jolting revelations that are unfolding with a terrific energy and force – so much so that we cannot ignore them or escape them. These include the world-wide pandemics of racism, COVID-19 and climate change. This paper argues that all of these swirling pandemics are manifestations of the archetype of the apocalypse, which is constellating now in a very powerful way. Any one of these phenomena could swallow humanity whole as a species. Together they represent a seemingly overwhelming challenge for us to meet over the next century of life on earth. If humanity cannot meet the challenge of these combined negative forces, it could simply perish. A multi-layered intersecting set of challenges such as this has never yet occurred in human history. We must therefore be very alert to what is going on, and as to how we can consciously mediate these threats, both individually and collectively. It also presents an unprecedented opportunity for humanity to evolve and grow psychologically both individually and collectively, nationally and globally.