The building recognition and analysis of remote sensing image based on depth belief network

The deep belief network model, which is widely used in deep learning, consists of a multi-layer constrained Boltzmann machine and a back-propagation network. The authors have conducted parameter sensitivity experiments on the number of iterations, the number of hidden layers and the number of hidden layer nodes in the DBN network for remote sensing image classification, and obtained a set of optimal parameter setting schemes. Moreover, the DBN algorithm has been enhanced with an improved Dropout strategy. The improved Dropout strategy selects only part of the data to clear the weight at a time, and a local area randomly clear strategy is adopted, which will save the local information of the image itself, and enhance the generalization ability of the model. In order to verify the advantages of the improved DBN algorithm model, the classification results of DBN, KNN, random forest and SVM have been compared. And the results show that classification accuracy of the improved DBN has been greatly improved, which is increased by about 2.5% compared to DBN. The improved DBN classification results are processed then, including connected areas marking, noise removal, morphological transformation and edge extraction, and the boundary information of the building is obtained according to the target shape characteristics. Finally, the experiment on the morphological characteristics of the building also shows it can extract better edge information of the building.     

Building capability throughout a change effort: leading the transformation of a police agency to community policing

This case describes a change effort to move a police agency to become a community policing organization. The community policing effort was seen as a means to make a transformational change to become a learning organization with the goal of improving the delivery of police services. The case describes the steps taken to meet the new vision of community policing as well as the steps taken to deal with the challenges or realities of trying to make change happen. The lens for this case is the leadership role across the stages of change (exploration, planning, implementation, monitoring and institutionalization) in building capacity within the organization to sustain the change effort. The capacity building focused on incorporating systems thinking into the mindset of the members of the organization, breaking down the command and control mindset by building a new norm around high involvement of committed teams, and developing skill sets to support continuous learning and improvement in order to align organizational systems. A key lesson learned is that effective leaders do not just prepare an organization prior to a change effort. They must have the patience to constantly build the capacity for change among organizational members throughout the various stages of the change effort.     

Building Blocks to Portability: Culmination of the 20/20 Initiative

The profession of counseling has now endorsed a consensus licensure title and scope of practice for all U.S. states and jurisdictions. This article describes the development of the title and scope of practice through the Building Blocks to Portability Project of the 20/20: A Vision for the Future of Counseling initiative. Outcomes and implications of this final stage of the 20/20 project intended to ease interstate licensure portability are presented.     

Long-term memory in pigeons: I. The role of discrimination problem difficulty assessed by reacquisition measures II. The role of stimulus modality assessed by generalization slope

Pigeons learned either an easy or a difficult line angle discrimination (Experiment 1) or wavelength discrimination (Experiment 2), and then they were given a reacquisition test of retention after delays of 1 min, 1 day, or 1 week. Both percentage of responses to the S+ in the initial 10-trial block and number of blocks to criterion showed a progressive memory loss which was greater for the difficult problem. These results extend recent findings by using a free operant rather than a discrete trial task and by varying problem difficulty by altering the dimensional separation between training stimuli. In Experiment 3, pigeons were given variable interval training with either a wavelength or a line angle stimulus, and then they were tested for generalization in extinction after delays of 1 min, 1 day, and 1 week. With both dimensions, the relative gradients became progressively flatter with increasing delay intervals. This replicates earlier findings and extends them to the line angle dimension. The evidence of substantial forgetting in the first 24 h in all three experiments suggests that operant free-response procedures are more sensitive to forgetting effects than are discrete trial tasks.     

Purdue pegboard performance of disabled and normal readers: Unimanual versus bimanual differences

Differences between dyslexics and controls in the unimanual and bimanual conditions of the peg placement section of the Purdue Pegboard Test were examined. Twenty-three disabled and twenty-three normal readers were studied. The groups were carefully screened on a neuropsychological battery. The disabled readers were comprised of a relatively homogeneous language-disordered subgroup exhibiting deficits in naming. Significant Group X Condition interactions were obtained for both raw and percentile scores and indicated that disabled readers performed worse than controls in the unimanual compared to bimanual conditions. The dyslexics performed particularly poorly compared with controls on the left hand condition. The implications of these data for hypotheses which argue for left hemisphere dysfunction, as well as those which posit interhemispheric transfer deficits in reading disabled children, are discussed.     

Defensive burying of aversive fluids in rats: The possible role of odor

Defensive burying of flavored fluids paired with lithium chloride injections was examined. Rats showed little inclination to bury conditioned saccharin or salt solutions (Experiments 1 and 2). However, they buried tabasco sauce or dilute milk solutions readily (Experiment 3). It was hypothesized that the amount of olfactory stimulation provided by a solution may determine whether a rat engages in burying. This hypothesis received support in a final experiment which demonstrated that rats readily buried an arbitrarily selected odorous solution which was previously paired with lithium chloride. Thus the present experiments begin the process of identifying the circumstances under which burying does and does not occur.