5～7岁自闭症谱系障碍儿童环境文字阅读的特点

以带有不同类型情境线索(包括颜色、图标和字体)的环境文字为材料,采用命名任务考察5～7岁28名自闭症谱系障碍儿童和30名正常儿童阅读环境文字的特点。结果发现:(1)在去掉环境文字中的图标后,自闭症谱系障碍儿童和正常儿童命名文字的得分都显著降低;(2)在消除环境文字的字体线索后,自闭症谱系障碍儿童命名文字的得分显著降低,但正常儿童却较少受影响;(3)在阅读环境文字时,无论是自闭症谱系障碍儿童还是正常儿童,识字量越多,儿童越少依赖图标线索的提示。这些结果表明,自闭症谱系障碍儿童在阅读环境文字时,受图标线索和字体线索的影响较大,为制定促进其阅读学习的早期识字干预方案提供参考。     

我与圣经

为写这篇小文,我把书架上的圣经全部取到书桌上,一共六部。这六部圣经贯穿了我做为一个教友,找寻天主圣言,接近基督的初期历程。这个心路历程,有我幼稚可笑的部分,但是,我渴求了解天主奥秘的心,却是诚挚热切的。     

给予是一种智慧

生活中有一种“分享理论”说,它告诉我们给予是智慧这样的道理。当自己有6个苹果时,不要一个人独自享用,不妨分给他人5个,尽管自己暂时少吃了5个,但却得到了5人的热情和友好。也许事后你会得到一个橘子、一个桃子,你不仅尝到了6种不同风味的水果,还获得了5个朋友的友谊和好感,     

英语阅读问题解决的认知诊断

本研究尝试将认知诊断技术应用于中学生英语阅读问题解决(ERPS),以实现对中学生英语阅读问题解决的认知诊断,探讨中学生英语阅读问题解决的认知发展特点及其所存在的问题,为中学生的相关认知发展和知识获取服务。研究发现:(1)基于文本表征和反应决策两个加工过程中的七个认知属性是影响中学生ERPS的主要认知成分(R2=0.792);(2)中学生对于文本表征加工过程所涉及的属性的掌握情况优于反应决策加工过程所涉及的属性,学生所面临的主要困主要难于在反应决策加工阶段;(3)对不同属性掌握情况上存在显著的学校类型差异。(4)学生认知掌握状态的类型主要集中在15种(占73%),最多的三种为(1111011)、(1111110)和(1111101)(占34%)。总体来说,学生的属性掌握还是比较好的。相对地,对推理、信息匹配和正确选项的加工水平三个属性掌握较差,应引起重视。     

阅读目标和阅读任务对读者眼动的影响(中文)

We review two studies examining task effects on eye guidance during reading. The first study investigated effects of reading perspective on eye behavior in reading. It demonstrated that both the initial encoding of words as well as the later integration stage of wrapping up the sentence meaning are influenced by the reading perspective. Early effects of reading perspective were observed both in saccadic programming and in fixation times and were primarily seen when reading a text of familiar content. In the second study, effects of reading task were examined by comparing eye movements between proofreading and reading for comprehension. Task effects appeared very early in the processing time line; both temporal and spatial aspects of eye movements were affected. Taking together, the two studies demonstrate that readers make a global adjustment to eye behavior on the basis of reading task or goal.     

阅读和场景知觉中认知与文化对眼动的影响(中文)

Research on eye movements during reading and scene perception is briefly reviewed. It is quite clear that cognitive variables influence how long readers look at words and where they look next. There are also clearly some differences in eye movements between Chinese and Western readers. However, for the most part it appears that there are more similarities than differences and that what differences do occur are due more to differences in the nature of the written orthography than due to cultural differences. There are also clearly cognitive influences on eye movements during scene viewing. Research from my lab is reviewed which challenges the view that culture influences eye movements during scene viewing. While we do not deny that there are cultural influences on cognition and thinking, it seems to be the case that cultural differences do not influence properties of the oculomotor system resulting in differences in where subjects look early in scenes.     

文章标记对阅读理解困难学生信息保持的促进研究

根据阅读理解困难学生不能合理分配注意资源的特点,设置了文章标记这一能引导注意分配的外在线索,并以高层次的主题信息回忆和低层次的从属信息回忆为指标,考察阅读理解正常与困难学生接受标记影响的不同特点。结果表明:(1)文章标记对于阅读理解正常和困难学生的主题信息的回忆均有显著的促进效果,而对于阅读理解困难者的促进作用更为明显。(2)文章标记只促进了阅读理解困难者的从属信息的回忆,对于阅读正常者来说,文章标记反而有损于对从属信息的回忆。     

阅读理解测试的信度研究:来自概化分析的视角

阅读理解测试通常为多个题目共用一个语篇材料,属于典型的题组题型,传统的基于单题的信度估计方法将会高估测试的信度。研究采用概化理论模型,通过比较传统信度系数以及不同的概化理论测量设计模型,探讨不同方法对阅读理解测量精度估计的差别;同时,通过改变语篇和题目的数量来观察概化系数和可靠性指数等指标的变化,为改进考试设计和命题提供参考信息。结果表明,忽略语篇的单变量概化设计以及基于题目的 系数会在概化系数上高估0.0404,将语篇作为多变量的交叉设计会在概化系数上高估0.0480,基于语篇的系数与单变量嵌套设计的概化系数一致。另外,增加阅读理解中的语篇量或题目量都可以提高测量的精度,但增加语篇量在提高阅读理解测试的测量精度上更为高效。     

简述日本动画分镜与漫画分镜比较分析

日本动漫在国际上享有重要地位,一直都是动漫中的佼佼者。在日漫制作过程中其动画与漫画尽管可视为两个不同的部分或产业链构成,但相当大一部分动画都是改编于原作漫画。然而,虽然两者在叙事、表现方式上存在很多共同点,但两者因载体不同,动画与漫画的分镜却又有着诸多差异。