多元视角下的城邦与灵魂——记第九届柏拉图研讨会

2010年8月2日-7日在日本东京庆应义塾大学山田校区举办的第九届柏拉图研讨会以"柏拉图的<理想国>"(Plato's Politeia)为题,汇聚数百名当代学者,全方位地检视这部巨著中对城邦、灵魂、善、形式(理念)、诗歌等诸多主题的反思.本文略记大会盛况及日本古典学界观感.     

客体及其位置记忆的眼动研究(中文)

In this paper we briefly describe preliminary data from two experiments that we have carried out to investigate the relationship between visual encoding and memory for objects and their locations within scenes. In these experiments, we recorded participants′ eye movements as they viewed a photograph of a cubicle with 12 objects positioned pseudo-randomly on a desk and shelves. After viewing the photograph, participants were taken to the actual cubicle where they undertook two memory tests. Participants were asked to identify the 12 target objects(from the photograph)presented amongst 12 distractors. They were then required to place each of the objects in the location that they occupied in the photograph. These tests assessed participants′ memory for identity of the objects and their locations. In Experiment 1, we assessed the influence of the encoding period and the test delay on object identity and location memory. In Experiment 2 we manipulated scanning behaviour during encoding by "boxing"some of the objects in the photo. We showed that using boxes to change eye movement behaviour during encoding directly affected the nature of memory for the scene. The results of these studies indicate a fundamental relationship between visual encoding and memory for objects and their locations. We explain our findings in terms of the Visual Memory Model(Hollingworth & Henderson, 2002).     

泰文和中文阅读过程中的眼动控制(中文)

This paper analyses some aspects of the eye movement behaviour of readers of Thai and Chinese. The main focus is on readers′landing site distributions on words and how these are affected by the lack of clear word boundary information due to the absence of inter-word spaces. Empirical evidence from Thai and Chinese readers suggest that readers can relatively accurately target word centres. We make the case that this accuracy can be accounted for by a default targetting model(effectively, the prior landing site distribution, in Bayesian terms)modulated by statistical cues about word beginnings available from word-initial character frequencies.     

语言期望概率、不确定性输入及其对阅读的眼动研究启示(中文)

One nearly ubiquitous assumption in models of linguistic comprehension and of eye movement control in reading alike is of partial modularization between word-level and sentence-level processing: that the outcome of word recognition, and thus the input to sentence-level comprehension, is a categorial representation. Yet such a partial modularization throws away residual uncertainty regarding word identity that might potentially be of value to the comprehender further downstream in the sentence. Here I describe a line of research combining computational modeling with experimental eye-tracking work to explore the consequences of removing this partial modularity assumption.     

西方社会心理学界近五年来关于偏见研究的综述——社会认知维度

社会认知涉及对社会环境信息进行加工。偏见从其属性上看是一种态度系统。不同的认知加工过程和加工产物产生不同的态度。因此对认知加工过程进行研究能揭示出偏见的发生、发展过程及其本质。本文将介绍近五年来西方学者的在此方面研究成果,这些研究涉及:归类加工、编码加工、刻板印象以及面孔识别。并对下一步的研究作出展望。     

意向性分析:从胡塞尔到塞尔

在当代西方哲学界,塞尔的意向性分析经常被认为在追随或重复胡塞尔的工作。塞尔本人固然不同意这样的说法,但如果对两人的意向性分析进行详细的对比考察,就会发现,塞尔的确在很多方面重复了胡塞尔的工作。不过,胡塞尔和塞尔的意向性分析在结论上的惊人相似掩饰不了其哲学方法上的根本差异:前者运用的是"先验还原"和"本质直观"的现象学方法,后者运用的是分析哲学的"逻辑分析"方法。将这两种根本不同的哲学方法,用于讨论同一个哲学问题,却可以得出大致相同的结论,这足以表明:现象学传统和分析哲学传统之间的关系完全可以是一种非竞争性的甚至是互补性的关系。     

对骨折治疗"优化选择"与"合理选择"的理解和思考

从合理化角度回顾了当前几种重要的骨折治疗理论体系的发展与演变,认为骨折治疗的最优原则是一种理想状态,现实中没有绝对最优只有相对合理.只有建立以患者为中心的思维体系,加强医疗逻辑思维能力,用多维思考的方式寻找矛盾的合理平衡点,始终坚守医学伦理道德底线,才能真正做到为每一位骨折患者进行最合理的治疗.     

抗癌药物紫杉醇研发历程的思考与分析

紫杉醇为近30年来发现的对癌症具有特殊疗效和具有特殊作用机制的天然药物,它的发现极大地推动了科学家对来自天然产物中抗癌药物的研究与开发.通过对紫杉醇研发历程的思考与分析,希望为我国新药研究开发带来一些启示.     

影像诊断中的系统辩证思路

本文根据影像诊断逻辑学原理,探讨影像诊断思路.影像诊断思路可分为两个层面的思维和四个相应阶段.两个层面的思维是对象思维和元思维.四个阶段是影像观察理解、异常影像解析、疾病假说构建、影像诊断验证.这一过程我们称为影像诊断的二层四阶段系统辩证思路.