成功与失败限制性饮食者对食物加工的能量效应：注意偏向的眼动追踪

本研究通过眼动追踪考察两类限制性饮食者对食物注意偏向的成分。在高低能量食物分别和非食物配对时,成功者对高能量存在注意警觉（加速探测）-回避（早期和总体的回避）模式;失败者对高能量存在注意回避（早期定向回避）-维持（早期维持）模式,即在早期注意更少的定向于高能量,但一旦注意到就出现维持偏向。在高低能量配对时,成功者对高能量注意警觉（早期定向）-维持（早期维持）;失败者对高能量注意警觉（早期定向）-维持（早期、总体的维持) 。总体上,我们发现了不同亚类限制性饮食者对食物线索加工的能量效应,即失败者比成功者对高能量食物注意更多的眼动证据。     

一种特殊的计算机指点装置追踪球的操作活动研究

探讨在指点定位中目标方向、大小和距离对食指和拇指操纵追踪球的运动时间的效应 ,并由此建立了两种追踪球的菲茨模型。用绩效指数比较了不同指点装置的操作绩效 ,对追踪球的优化设计提出了建议。     

时-空整合影响图形识别的眼动研究

采用眼动追踪的方法对在不同方向(上、下、左与右)及距离(2.0°‘和4.0°视角)上先后出现的特征组合不同的图形识别过程进行了研究。结果表明。首先,对由不同颜色和形状构成的图形的识别受到图形特征组合的影响,视觉系统对颜色和形状的加工存在明显差异,与颜色加工相比,视觉系统需要更多的时间才能完成形状识别。此外,虽然图形识别的速度和准确性受运动方向与距离的影响较小,但在不同运动方向和距离上,视觉系统是通过改变眼动的时间和空间特性来完成识别任务的,视觉系统在识别过程中的这种时间与空间的整合特点还有待于进一步研究。     

中小学生阅读寓言过程的眼动研究

研究用眼动记录仪对小五、初二和高二年级各20名视力正常学生阅读难、易两种寓言材料的眼动过程进行了记录。结果发现：1．无论是对同一难度寓言阅读理解成绩的差异还是眼动模式的差异,在小五与初二之间显著,在初二与高二之间不显著,这说明对寓言真正理解的年龄在初中,高中只是进一步完善阶段;2材料难度对不同年级学生的眼动模式有一定影响．分别影响小学生的眼跳距离、初中生的注视次数和高中生的注视点持续时间。     

通向心灵之窗奥秘的科学——读《眼动研究心理学导论》一书有感

如果眼睛被誉为是心灵的窗户,那么如何借助心理学的仪器,打开人类的心灵之窗,勘测人类心理的奥秘,就是一件令心理学家神往的事情。早在十九世纪末,西方就有人通过眼动来探讨人的心理,自那时起,心理学的眼动研究一直是心理学家趋     

道的居持与充实——船山对正心、诚意关系的一个解读

船山认为,《大学》所言的正心与诚意即是《中庸》所言的存养与省察,两种功夫皆围绕着道来进行。正心之心,即是程子所言的志,正心即是持志,其所志者即是道;正心之功,敬以居持此道也。诚意之诚,如朱子所注,乃是一个实字;诚意之功,充实正心所持之道也。无正心所持之道,则诚无从以充实;无诚意之充实,则所持之道为空、为虚。充实者,即物、即物理以实之;道于正心诚意,一本万殊者也。由其一本,故非增益于所性之外;由其万殊,故充实有体熟用便之别。     

客体及其位置记忆的眼动研究(中文)

In this paper we briefly describe preliminary data from two experiments that we have carried out to investigate the relationship between visual encoding and memory for objects and their locations within scenes. In these experiments, we recorded participants′ eye movements as they viewed a photograph of a cubicle with 12 objects positioned pseudo-randomly on a desk and shelves. After viewing the photograph, participants were taken to the actual cubicle where they undertook two memory tests. Participants were asked to identify the 12 target objects(from the photograph)presented amongst 12 distractors. They were then required to place each of the objects in the location that they occupied in the photograph. These tests assessed participants′ memory for identity of the objects and their locations. In Experiment 1, we assessed the influence of the encoding period and the test delay on object identity and location memory. In Experiment 2 we manipulated scanning behaviour during encoding by "boxing"some of the objects in the photo. We showed that using boxes to change eye movement behaviour during encoding directly affected the nature of memory for the scene. The results of these studies indicate a fundamental relationship between visual encoding and memory for objects and their locations. We explain our findings in terms of the Visual Memory Model(Hollingworth & Henderson, 2002).     

泰文和中文阅读过程中的眼动控制(中文)

This paper analyses some aspects of the eye movement behaviour of readers of Thai and Chinese. The main focus is on readers′landing site distributions on words and how these are affected by the lack of clear word boundary information due to the absence of inter-word spaces. Empirical evidence from Thai and Chinese readers suggest that readers can relatively accurately target word centres. We make the case that this accuracy can be accounted for by a default targetting model(effectively, the prior landing site distribution, in Bayesian terms)modulated by statistical cues about word beginnings available from word-initial character frequencies.     

语言期望概率、不确定性输入及其对阅读的眼动研究启示(中文)

One nearly ubiquitous assumption in models of linguistic comprehension and of eye movement control in reading alike is of partial modularization between word-level and sentence-level processing: that the outcome of word recognition, and thus the input to sentence-level comprehension, is a categorial representation. Yet such a partial modularization throws away residual uncertainty regarding word identity that might potentially be of value to the comprehender further downstream in the sentence. Here I describe a line of research combining computational modeling with experimental eye-tracking work to explore the consequences of removing this partial modularity assumption.