中小学生阅读寓言过程的眼动研究

研究用眼动记录仪对小五、初二和高二年级各20名视力正常学生阅读难、易两种寓言材料的眼动过程进行了记录。结果发现：1．无论是对同一难度寓言阅读理解成绩的差异还是眼动模式的差异,在小五与初二之间显著,在初二与高二之间不显著,这说明对寓言真正理解的年龄在初中,高中只是进一步完善阶段;2材料难度对不同年级学生的眼动模式有一定影响．分别影响小学生的眼跳距离、初中生的注视次数和高中生的注视点持续时间。     

通向心灵之窗奥秘的科学——读《眼动研究心理学导论》一书有感

如果眼睛被誉为是心灵的窗户,那么如何借助心理学的仪器,打开人类的心灵之窗,勘测人类心理的奥秘,就是一件令心理学家神往的事情。早在十九世纪末,西方就有人通过眼动来探讨人的心理,自那时起,心理学的眼动研究一直是心理学家趋     

中国传统王道理念及其现代转换

中国传统王道是以"仁义"为核心思想,包含道德、经济和军事要求在内的、旨在治国安邦的政治理念和方略,它以人心为准绳,以天下为取向,无分内外。君主专制时代,它不可能真正实现。现代全球化所推动的人类社会的形成及其所导致的普遍紧张,恰恰需要一种类似中国传统王道的新的世界政治理念和政治设计。经过创造性转换,中国传统王道理念能够为"天下为公"的现代政治伦理和政治秩序的建立做出应有的贡献。     

道的居持与充实——船山对正心、诚意关系的一个解读

船山认为,《大学》所言的正心与诚意即是《中庸》所言的存养与省察,两种功夫皆围绕着道来进行。正心之心,即是程子所言的志,正心即是持志,其所志者即是道;正心之功,敬以居持此道也。诚意之诚,如朱子所注,乃是一个实字;诚意之功,充实正心所持之道也。无正心所持之道,则诚无从以充实;无诚意之充实,则所持之道为空、为虚。充实者,即物、即物理以实之;道于正心诚意,一本万殊者也。由其一本,故非增益于所性之外;由其万殊,故充实有体熟用便之别。     

7—10岁儿童不同亚型ADHD行为与共病问题

摘要：通过流行病学测查,探讨不同亚型ADHD儿童的情绪、行为和社会功能的差异。采用SDQ（长处与困难问卷）对4500名7-10岁儿童进行大样本筛查,应用K-SADS-PL量表和DSM-Ⅳ诊断标准对其中263名高危儿童进行临床评估,诊断出119名儿童ADHD。诊断出的ADHD儿童中,男性与女性的比率大约为2.22︰1,存在显著的性别差异。混合型儿童ADHD的多动性不能得分显著高于注意缺陷性;混合型ADHD的社会功能得分显著低于注意缺陷型和多动型。7岁儿童ADHD的多动情况显著低于8岁、9岁。ADHD共病率为12.6%,ADHD儿童伴有学习困难的比例为43.2%。     

客体及其位置记忆的眼动研究(中文)

In this paper we briefly describe preliminary data from two experiments that we have carried out to investigate the relationship between visual encoding and memory for objects and their locations within scenes. In these experiments, we recorded participants′ eye movements as they viewed a photograph of a cubicle with 12 objects positioned pseudo-randomly on a desk and shelves. After viewing the photograph, participants were taken to the actual cubicle where they undertook two memory tests. Participants were asked to identify the 12 target objects(from the photograph)presented amongst 12 distractors. They were then required to place each of the objects in the location that they occupied in the photograph. These tests assessed participants′ memory for identity of the objects and their locations. In Experiment 1, we assessed the influence of the encoding period and the test delay on object identity and location memory. In Experiment 2 we manipulated scanning behaviour during encoding by "boxing"some of the objects in the photo. We showed that using boxes to change eye movement behaviour during encoding directly affected the nature of memory for the scene. The results of these studies indicate a fundamental relationship between visual encoding and memory for objects and their locations. We explain our findings in terms of the Visual Memory Model(Hollingworth & Henderson, 2002).     

泰文和中文阅读过程中的眼动控制(中文)

This paper analyses some aspects of the eye movement behaviour of readers of Thai and Chinese. The main focus is on readers′landing site distributions on words and how these are affected by the lack of clear word boundary information due to the absence of inter-word spaces. Empirical evidence from Thai and Chinese readers suggest that readers can relatively accurately target word centres. We make the case that this accuracy can be accounted for by a default targetting model(effectively, the prior landing site distribution, in Bayesian terms)modulated by statistical cues about word beginnings available from word-initial character frequencies.     

语言期望概率、不确定性输入及其对阅读的眼动研究启示(中文)

One nearly ubiquitous assumption in models of linguistic comprehension and of eye movement control in reading alike is of partial modularization between word-level and sentence-level processing: that the outcome of word recognition, and thus the input to sentence-level comprehension, is a categorial representation. Yet such a partial modularization throws away residual uncertainty regarding word identity that might potentially be of value to the comprehender further downstream in the sentence. Here I describe a line of research combining computational modeling with experimental eye-tracking work to explore the consequences of removing this partial modularity assumption.     

社会的变迁与司法模式的转变——转型中国基层社会的纠纷处理

在构建社会主义和谐社会的宏观场景下,转型时期的中国司法正在形成一种新的模式,其功能正从单纯的解决纠纷走向为基层社会提供规范供给,重构基层社会规则体系,强化基层社会制度的正统性基础这一关键层面.这种新的司法模式不仅要求将法官个性化的办案经验体系化,以解决具体的纠纷,而且要促使基层社会正武规则与非正式规则的相互尊重与合作,最终达成一种立基于多元规则相生共存之上的规则共治.