Le pouvoir d’agir à l’épreuve de la souffrance au travail : émotions,recherche et construction de sens

Work may support personnalization and creation when subjects can transfer and develop in their professional environment what they do, value, plan or got in other domains of life. By contrast, suffering at work traps the subject in a reciprocal causality loop in which agency decrease and loss of meaning go hand in hand. Both depend on work experience’s disconnection from other subject’s life experiences. We hypothesize that emotion, as an antecedent of meaning search (Rime, 2005) and a vehicle for behaviors intersignification, is a means for re-appropriating an identity of “homme capable” (Ricoeur, 2004). An action-research at Purpan’s hospital “Suffering at work” consulting, considers those statements at individual and collective levels by comparing two Groups of Work Situations Analyze.     

A School Psychologist's Self-Study Guide to Sport Psychology

SUMMARY

School psychologists may find the field of sport psychology beneficial to them in extending their skills and effectiveness. As trained psychologists, they are likely to already have some of the knowledge and skills necessary for working in the area of sport psychology. However, without additional training, this may not be sufficient for ethical and effective practice. This article enumerates the necessary knowledge and skills for working in sport psychology according to APA's recent proficiency standards. It then details a plethora of available resources and methods for entering into the domain of sport psychology. The article emphasizes self-study while continuing to practice ethically within the ‘boundaries of one's competence.’     

Burnout and psychiatric “cases”: Early evidences of an association

This exploratory study extends the phase model of burnout in a critical direction by assessing whether individuals assigned to eight progressive phases will present escalating mental health symptoms. Despite the small convenience population (N = 161), the present affirmative results encourage early replications for three basic reasons. Thus the associations with mental health reported here are consistent with numerous other tests of the concurrent validity of the phase model. Moreover, substantial proportions of the variance are explained here by data supporting the view that the progressive phases are associated with accelerating proportions of “cases,” here defined as respondents to the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) who report four or more non-psychotic psychiatric symptoms. The GHQ form used here is modified for U.S. contexts. In addition, this basic conclusion is reinforced in three ways: by factor analysis of GHQ items; by rejecting several variables alternative to the phases as GHQ variants; and by using canonical discriminant functions to compare phase assignments with the actual group memberships of “normals” and “cases” assigned by the GHQ.     

Domestic Violence

Summary

In this paper, the authors outline their experience in incorporating a curriculum on domestic violence into an urban family practice residency program. Based on the concept that in order to successfully develop such a curriculum, it is necessary to address the “culture of the organization,” joint educational strategies that in-elude resident education as well as faculty development were considered. A research question was designed to inquire as to the difference in the level of knowledge about domestic violence in family practice faculty as compared to residents prior to the introduction of educational strategies. The authors describe curriculum goals and objectives and outline specific teaching methods as well as the evaluation instrument utilized in the study to measure actual difference in knowledge between faculty and residents about domestic violence with a focus specifically on spousal abuse. Their conclusions point to the need for an educational strategy that includes emphasis on the faculty-resident interface which utilizes both traditional and non-traditional integrated formats in order to successfully train residents in the identification and treatment of domestic violence.     

Book reviews

Peter E. Hodgkinson and Michael Stewart (1998) A Handbook of Post-Disaster Psychosocial Aftercare, 2nd edn, London: Routledge, $15.99 (pb)

Caroline Garland (ed.) (1998) Understanding Trauma: A Psychoanalytic Approach, London: Duckworth, Tavistock Clinic Series, $14.95 (pb)

Claudio Neri (1998) Group, preface by Parthenope Bion Talamo, foreword by Malcolm Pines, London: Jessica Kingsley, $16.95

Robert L. Perkinson (1997) Chemical Dependency Counseling: A Practical Guide, London: Sage, $24

Mary Turner (1998) Talking with Children and Young People about Death and Dying: A Workbook, illustrated by Bob Thomas, London: Jessica Kingsley, $17.95

Jan Wiener and Mannie Sher (1998) Counselling and Psychotherapy in Primary Health Care: A Psychodynamic Approach, London: Macmillan, $11.99 (pb)

Melanie Hart and James Loader (eds) (1998) Generations: Poems between Fathers, Mothers, Daughters, Sons, London: Penguin, $14.99

David Kennard and Neil Small (eds) (1997) Living Together, London: Quartet, $9.00

Sally Skaife and Val Huet (1998) Art Psychotherapy Groups: Between Pictures and Words, London: Routledge, $47.50 (hb), $15.99 (pb)     

The undesired: on nudniks in Jewish American fiction

This essay discusses the recurring preoccupation in Jewish literature with the character of the nudnik, a popular figure in Jewish culture but a rather neglected one in scholarly studies. Even though the nudnik appears in many stories throughout the years, from Sholem Aleichem’s, through Franz Kafka’s, to Isaac Bashevis Singer’s stories and novels – nowhere was he more prominent than in post–World War II Jewish American fiction, more specifically in the short stories and novels of Philip Roth and Bernard Malamud. Both Roth and Malamud depict the nudnik as an embodiment of a generational divide, between the tormented Americanized young and the tormenting “Ostjuden” old. And yet, while Malamud’s nudniks serve as a critique on the fate of Jewish culture and tradition in post-Holocaust America, Roth identifies the character of the nudnik as a contaminating element that will forever haunt the younger individual. By discussing the Yiddish term “nudnik” and its ambivalent and unsettling nature in these writers’ texts, this essay will highlight the cultural impact on modern Jewish identity of the nudnik within each story.     

元认知监控的机制:认知灵活性的调节作用

元认知监控作为元认知的核心成分,是内隐程度较高的心理活动。研究采用认知操作法,以MasterMind游戏任务为载体,从执行功能中认知灵活性的角度,探讨了元认知监控的内部机制。结果发现:元认知监测对元认知控制的作用受到认知灵活性的调节作用。对于高认知灵活性的学生,元认知监测水平越高,元认知控制越好;对于低认知灵活性的学生,元认知监测水平的高低不会引起元认知控制水平的显著变化。研究结果表明,高认知灵活性的学生能根据元认知监测进行有效元认知控制,而低认知灵活性的学生其元认知监测水平的提高没有影响元认知控制。结合元认知监控与执行功能进行了讨论。     

El aprendizaje «preparado» de miedo en humanos

Resumen

Se revisan las investigaciones llevadas a cabo durante los últimos diez años sobre a) la selectividad, b) aprendizaje en un ensayo, c) resistencia a la extinción, d) irracionalidad, e) aprendizaje simbólico y f) carácter filogenético vs. ontogenético del condicionamient.o «preparado» de miedo en humanos. En rasgos generales, se concluye que, salvo por lo que respecta a la mayor resistencia a la extinción de las respuestas autonómicas condicionadas a los «estímulos relevantes de miedo», no parecen haberse establecido diferencias claras entre el condicionamiento «preparado» y el condicionamiento «no-preparado» de miedo.     

When do trauma experts choose exposure therapy for PTSD patients? A controlled study of therapist and patient factors

To investigate when and why therapists opt for or rule out imaginal exposure (IE) for patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 255 trauma experts were randomized to two conditions in which they were presented with four cases in which the patients' comorbidity and treatment preferences were manipulated. The results confirmed IE to be an underutilized approach, with the majority of professionals being undertrained in the technique. As predicted, the patient factors influenced the expert's choice of therapy: in case of a comorbid depression, IE was significantly less preferred than medication. Also, IE was significantly more likely to be offered when patients expressed a preference for trauma-focused treatment. The therapist factors were also found to be importantly related to treatment preferences, with high credibility in the technique being positively related to the therapists' preference for IE. Perceived barriers to IE, such as a fear of symptom exacerbation and dropout, were negatively related to the perceived suitability of the treatment when patients had suffered multiple traumas in childhood. The results are discussed in the light of clinical implications and the need of exposure training for trauma professionals.     

孕妇家庭亲密关系的差序格局及其对焦虑、抑郁情绪的影响

通过两个研究探索孕妇家庭亲密关系的差序格局及其对焦虑、抑郁情绪的影响。研究一,采用自我参照R/K范式探索孕妇家庭亲密关系的差序格局; 研究二,采用问卷调查法探索孕妇家庭亲密关系对其焦虑、抑郁情绪的影响。结果表明:(1)孕妇家庭亲密关系的差序格局核心为自我参照和配偶参照,母亲参照、父亲参照和子女参照居于第二位,婆婆参照、公公参照居于第三位;(2)孕妇的自我参照水平影响自身焦虑情绪,配偶参照水平影响孕妇的抑郁情绪。