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131.
The fixed point combinator (Y) is an important non-proper combinator, which is defhable from a combinatorially complete base. This combinator guarantees
that recursive equations have a solution. Structurally free logics (LC) turn combinators into formulas and replace structural rules by combinatory ones. This paper introduces the fixed point and
the dual fixed point combinator into structurally free logics. The admissibility of (multiple) cut in the resulting calculus is not provable by a simple adaptation of the similar proof for LC with proper combinators. The novelty of our proof—beyond proving the cut for a newly extended calculus–is that we add a fourth induction to the by-and-large Gentzen-style proof.
Presented by Robert Goldblatt 相似文献
132.
Not only do the writings of Nietzsche – early and late – fail to support the pedagogy of self-reformulation, this doctrine
embodies what for him is worst in man and would destroy that which is higher. The pedagogy of self-reformulation is also incoherent.
In contrast, Nietzsche offers a fruitful and comprehensive theory of education that, while non-democratic and contemptuous
of egalitarian aspirations, emerges consistently from his metaphysics and philosophical anthropology. Whatever, then, we might
think of his premises, Nietzsche’s philosophy of education represents an attractive model for those who would develop a meaningful,
distinctive, and persuasive educational theory. It defines a domain of the possible and then straightforwardly states what
is and is not to be done within it – and why. 相似文献
133.
Over the last years several European patents were opposed for protecting technology violating the morality requirement under
Article 53(a) EPC. Attempts have been made by the Appeal Boards of the European Patent Office (EPO), as well as by amendments
introduced into the Implementing Regulations of the European Patent Convention (EPC), to address this sensitive patentability
requirement more precisely. The most recent hot topic coming up in this context is the patentability of stem cells. It is
to be expected that this discussion will still go on in the field of biotechnological inventions for the next several years.
An earlier version of this paper was presented at an international conference, “The Ethics of Intellectual Property Rights
and Patents,” held in Warsaw, Poland on 23–24 April, 2004. 相似文献
134.
In World Poverty and Human Rights, Thomas Pogge argues that the global rich have a duty to eradicate severe poverty in the world. The novelty of Pogges approach is to present this demand as stemming from basic commands which are negative rather than positive in nature: the global rich have an obligation to eradicate the radical poverty of the global poor not because of a norm of beneficence asking them to help those in need when they can at little cost to themselves, but because of their having violated a principle of justice not to unduly harm others by imposing on them a coercive global order that makes their access to the objects of their human right to subsistence insecure. In this paper, I claim that although Pogge is right in arguing that negative duties are crucial in an account of global justice, he is wrong in saying that they are the only ones that are crucial. Harming the global poor by causing their poverty provides a sufficient but not a necessary condition for the global rich to have a duty of justice to assist them. After engaging in a critical analysis of Pogges argument, I conclude by suggesting the need for a robust conception of cosmopolitan solidarity that includes positive duties of assistance which are not mere duties of charity, but enforceable ones of justice. 相似文献
135.
In this paper the moral responsibility of a Healthcare Organization (HCO) is conceived as an inextricable aspect of the identity of the HCO. We attempt to show that by exploring this relation a more profound insight in moral responsibility can be gained. Referring to Charles Taylor we explore the meaning of the concept of identity. It consists of three interdependent dimensions: a moral, a dialogical, and a narrative one. In section two we develop some additional arguments to apply his concept of personal identity to organizations. The final section works out the relationship of three dimensions of identity to some actual issues in contemporary HCOs: the tension between care and justice, the importance of dialogues about the diversity of goods, and the relevance of becoming familiar with the life-story of the HCO. Identity of an HCO is established and developed in commitments to and identification with certain goods that are central for a HCO. However, many of these goods are interwoven with everyday practices and policies. Therefore, moral responsibility asks for articulation of goods that often stay implicit and should not be reduced to a merely procedural approach. However difficult this articulation may be, if it is not tried at all HCOs run the risk of drifting away from their very identity as healthcare institutions: to offer care to patients and to do this in accordance with demands of social justice. 相似文献
136.
Buckle S 《Theoretical medicine and bioethics》2005,26(3):175-194
The paper begins by situating Singer within the British meta-ethical tradition. It sets out the main steps in his argument for utilitarianism as the ‘default setting’ of ethical thought. It argues that Singer’s argument depends on a hierarchy of reasons, such that the ethical viewpoint is understood to be an adaptation – an extension – of a fundamental self-interest. It concludes that the argument fails because it is impossible to get from this starting-point in self-interest to his conception of the ethical point of view. The fundamental problem is its mixing the immiscible: the Humean subordination of reason to interest with the Kantian conception of reason as universal and authoritative. 相似文献
137.
我国小学生品德发展关键期研究的述评与展望 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
关于小学生品德发展关键期的研究是德育心理学研究领域的重要的组成部分之一。本文综述了国内20多年的研究资料,探讨了我国小学生品德发展的关键期、测查工具,阐述了研究中存在的不足,并提出了研究的思路和方向。 相似文献
138.
清代中期“以礼代理”说刍议 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
清代中期,以凌廷堪、焦循、阮元为代表的汉学家提出了“以礼代理”说,即主张用礼学代替理学。他们认为,儒学的中心是“礼”而不是“理”,脱离了“礼”而言“理”,只能导致师心自用以及对人的具体情感的漠视。这一学说是清初顾炎武所倡导的学术方向的继续,它把人们的目光由内在精神变革转向对外在制度的关注;同时,这一学说明确反对以抽象化的“理”来约束人们的行为,它在一定程度上减轻了理学所带来的消极影响。 相似文献
139.
Forge J 《Science and engineering ethics》2004,10(3):531-542
I ask whether weapons research is ever justified. Weapons research is identified as the business of the engineer. It is argued
that the engineer has responsibility for the uses to which the tools that he designs can be put, and that responsibility extends
to the use of weapons. It is maintained that there are no inherently defensive weapons, and hence there is no such thing as
‘defensive’ weapons research. The issue then is what responsibilities as a professional the engineer has in regard to such
research. An account is given to ground the injunction not to provide the means to harm as a duty for the engineers. This
account is not, however, absolutist, and as such it allows justifiable exceptions. The answer to my question is thus not that
weapons research is never justified but there must be a strong assurance that the results will only be used as a just means
in a just cause. 相似文献
140.
Magun-Jackson S 《Science and engineering ethics》2004,10(2):219-224
Ethics has become an increasingly important issue within engineering as the profession has become progressively more complex.
The need to integrate ethics into an engineering curriculum is well documented, as education does not often sufficiently prepare
engineers for the ethical conflicts they experience. Recent research indicates that there is great diversity in the way institutions
approach the problem of teaching ethics to undergraduate engineering students; some schools require students to take general
ethics courses from philosophical or religious perspectives, while others integrate ethics in existing engineering courses.
The purpose of this paper is to propose a method to implement the integration of ethics in engineering education that is pedagogically
based on Kohlberg’s stage theory of moral development. 相似文献