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1.
Abstract

Global interpersonal mistrust is conceptualized as a general mistrust of the motives of others in situations related to one's well-being: a general tendency to view others as mean, selfish, malevolent, or unreliable people who are, thus, not to be depended on to treat one well. The authors developed an 18-item unidimensional self-report inventory measuring interpersonal mistrust as a negative cognitive orientation toward others. The measure comprises items describing perceptions of specific hypothetical interpersonal situations rather than items asking respondents to describe their own general behavior. The measure was reliable and evidenced construct validity in a heterogeneous sample of Australians.  相似文献   
2.
本文基于资源保存理论,探讨职场不文明行为对组织公民行为的影响机制及作用边界。通过问卷调查315份员工和领导的配对样本数据,结果表明:职场不文明行为负向预测组织公民行为,情绪耗竭、组织自尊中介了职场不文明行为与组织公民行为间的关系;心理韧性调节了情绪耗竭、组织自尊在二者间的中介作用。  相似文献   
3.
医院暴力事件愈演愈烈,严重威胁到医务工作者的安全与健康,成为医疗卫生领域的国际关注点。我国急诊科护士的医院场所暴力发生率高,尤其以心理暴力最为普遍。通过明确医院场所暴力的深刻内涵,论述了国内外急诊护理人员工作场所暴力的发展现状及特点,以及阐述广大急诊护理工作者对医院场所暴力的认知与需求。结合国内外先进经验,探究出系统、有效的暴力应对策略,以期减少医院场所暴力伤害,为相关部门制定保护措施提供参考。  相似文献   
4.
严瑜  曹照雪 《心理科学进展》2019,27(11):1906-1916
工作场所文明行为是一种在组织文化下, 基于社会和组织角色义务的, 传达礼貌和尊重的主动性行为, 是一种向内要求自我控制, 向外主张尊重传达的行为, 它对于个体自身性格的塑造、组织中人际关系的改善以及文明氛围的培养都具有积极意义。在员工-员工、领导-下属、员工-顾客等关系中, 工作场所文明行为发挥着增进同事情谊、促进合作、增强领导力、建立信任、提升绩效等作用。未来的研究应该进一步厘清工作场所文明行为与不文明行为的关系, 运用动态视角研究它们发生、发展和被感知的机制, 以及这两种行为能否相互转化等问题。  相似文献   
5.
无礼行为在工作场所中广泛存在, 但由于其强度低、意图模糊等特征, 从而使组织很难有效地甄别、预防或控制它。在总结工作场所无礼行为已有研究成果的基础上, 笔者展开了下列三方面的工作:首先, 厘清无礼行为与其他相关不良行为的概念边界; 其次, 梳理了工作场所无礼行为的相关理论模型的发展进程, 主要介绍情绪认知评价理论模型、情感事件理论模型和无礼行为的情绪反应模型; 最后, 基于目前研究存在的问题和不足, 主张建构一个以认知和情绪反应为中介, 以社会文化、人格和组织因素为调节变量的无礼行为的模型, 并建议未来的研究运用纵向实验设计的方法来确定各变量之间的因果走向, 以求进一步丰富、完善和深化无礼行为的发展机制模型。  相似文献   
6.
职场欺负作为一种消极人际行为, 会影响到与行为当事人双方处于同一生态系统的旁观者的身心健康, 而旁观者在职场欺负中的不同角色和行为(支持受欺者或实施者, 或袖手旁观)又会反过来影响职场欺负的发展态势。旁观者的公正道德观念及其对职场欺负的情绪体验, 通过社会交换和学习过程, 影响着他(或她)在职场欺负中的行为。  相似文献   
7.
There is a growing awareness of how stress adversely affects organizational efficiency. The implementation of stress management programs to counteract this problem has been slow. This study examined such programs in companies who claimed that they were active and successful in stress management for their employees. The successful features of these organizational stress management programs are identified, discussed, and a model for organizations is presented.  相似文献   
8.
职场排斥是组织情境中的负面行为,会对员工的心理状态、工作态度和工作行为,以及组织绩效造成严重的影响,近年来得到了学者和管理者的关注。研究主要从职场排斥的概念、测量工具、与其它概念的比较及实证研究四个方面,对国内外相关研究进行了梳理,并探讨中国文化的权变作用。未来研究应从中国的组织情境特点出发,继续完善职场排斥的概念和维度,扩展研究层次,深入分析影响机制,结合中国文化对职场排斥展开本土化研究,丰富研究视角。  相似文献   
9.
    
Derived from the concept of neurodiversity, neurodivergence is an umbrella term for various conditions such as Autism-Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADD/ADHD), Dyslexia, or Dyspraxia, which affect approximately 22% of the population. Sensory difficulties and overload are a common symptom. The provision of physical workplace adjustments for neurodivergent workers, such as workplace design solutions, has become popular in practice, yet their utility remains unsubstantiated. This review evaluates the evidence for physical workplace adjustments and their link to occupational longevity, performance and health/well-being in neurodivergent workers. A systematic review (PRISMA guidelines) of studies published in English between 2000 and 2021 focused on these inclusion criteria: adult office workers clinically considered neurodiverse, their families, colleagues, employers, experts and vocational programme staff; at least one physical workplace adjustment; and all types of empirical study designs. The theoretical framing was based on the ecological model of person–environment fit supplemented by the International Classification of Functioning, (ICF) disability and health and environmental stress theory. Quality assessment and data synthesis were undertaken. Of the 319 studies identified, 20 met the eligibility criteria; the majority addressed ASD. Most studies described a combination of adjustments to address different environmental stimuli. The most frequent adjustments addressed sound distractions (e.g. single-person offices) and light sensitivity (e.g. light control), which were related to occupational longevity, performance and health/well-being. A range of other adjustments addressed aspects such as environmental control, crowding or decompression rooms. There is insufficient evidence to fully evaluate the usefulness of adjustments, partially due to methodological shortcomings. Despite the variety of challenges with the sensory physical environment acknowledged in the literature for neurodivergent conditions, there is a paucity of evidence. Given the potential of physical adjustments to improve work and health outcomes, we highlight the necessity for more theoretically driven and methodologically sound research.  相似文献   
10.
    
Some emergency responders are more often exposed to workplace aggression than others. Victimological theories and previous studies suggest that characteristics of the target may predict exposure to workplace aggression. This paper examines the relationship between negative affect, hostile attribution, dominance, empathy, self-evaluations, and exposure to workplace aggression among emergency responders. Emergency medical workers, firefighters and police officers in the Netherlands filled in a survey during three measurement occasions (6 months apart). Results from the three occupational groups were presented separately. Results suggest that some psychological characteristics are related to exposure to workplace aggression, but that the contribution of these characteristics in the explanation of exposure to workplace aggression is limited. In addition, although differences between occupational groups could not be statistically tested due to differences in the factor structure of exposure to workplace aggression between the three groups of emergency response, differences seem to occur in models between emergency response contexts. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.  相似文献   
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