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Wolfhart Pannenberg 《Zygon》2002,37(3):759-762
The concept of miracle has often been regarded as irreconcilable with the concept of natural law. But this contradiction applies only to an understanding of a miracle as a break of natural law. Such a violation would destroy the assertion of natural law, because its universal claim does not permit exceptions. However, the idea of miracle need not be conceived in this way, though it has often been done since medieval times. Augustine thought of miracles simply as unusual events that contradict our accustomed views of the course of nature but not nature itself. According to that definition of miracle, no contradiction of natural laws need be assumed. It is sufficient to regard unusual occurrences as "signs" of God's special activity in creation. 相似文献
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贬损型幽默指包含贬损意味同时令人发笑的信息。释放论、优越论、失谐?解决理论与良性进犯理论尝试解释了其心理机制。贬损不一定好笑,群体身份和态度、接收者与贬损对象的心理距离以及人格、文化差异等均会影响幽默效果。贬损型幽默可以起到释放偏见与表达社会支配倾向的作用,对人际交往的作用则不一致。贬损型幽默的整合性过程模型串联描述了贬损型幽默的机制、前因和后效,可作为未来研究的框架。未来亦可继续探讨贬损型幽默的消极影响,以及其对群际关系和社会公平的潜在积极作用,并关注到中国社会文化背景下的贬损型幽默。 相似文献
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Although much is known about how some primates—in particular, monkeys and apes—represent and enumerate different numbers of objects, very little is known about the numerical abilities of prosimian primates. Here, we explore how four lemur species (Eulemur fulvus, E. mongoz, Lemur catta, and Varecia rubra) represent small numbers of objects. Specifically, we presented lemurs with three expectancy violation looking time experiments aimed at exploring their expectations about a simple 1+1 addition event. In these experiments, we presented subjects with displays in which two lemons were sequentially added behind an occluder and then measured subjects duration of looking to expected and unexpected outcomes. In experiment 1, subjects looked reliably longer at an unexpected outcome of only one object than at an expected outcome of two objects. Similarly, subjects in experiment 2 looked reliably longer at an unexpected outcome of three objects than at an expected outcome of two objects. In experiment 3, subjects looked reliably longer at an unexpected outcome of one object twice the size of the original than at an expected outcome of two objects of the original size. These results suggest that some prosimian primates understand the outcome of simple arithmetic operations. These results are discussed in light of similar findings in human infants and other adult primates.This revised version was published online in March 2005 with corrections to Fig. 6. 相似文献
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Few studies have examined whether non-human tool-users understand the properties that are relevant for a tool's function.
We tested cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus) and rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) on an expectancy violation procedure designed to assess whether these species make distinctions between the functionally
relevant and irrelevant features of a tool. Subjects watched an experimenter use a tool to push a grape down a ramp, and then
were presented with different displays in which the features of the original tool (shape, color, orientation) were selectively
varied. Results indicated that both species looked longer when a newly shaped stick acted on the grape than when a newly colored
stick performed the same action, suggesting that both species perceive shape as a more salient transformation than color.
In contrast, tamarins, but not rhesus, attended to changes in the tool's orientation. We propose that some non-human primates
begin with a predisposition to attend to a tool's shape and, with sufficient experience, develop a more sophisticated understanding
of the features that are functionally relevant to tools. 相似文献
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《Pratiques Psychologiques》2015,21(2):199-212
We present a study whose aim is to analyse the predictability of behaviors associated with breaches of hygiene rules based on the constructs of the theory of planned behavior and implementation of intention. One hundred and fifty nursing students replied to a questionnaire following their theoretical training and then after returning from practical placement during which some were observed in a professional situation. The results highlighted the fact that self-reported behavior was associated with behavior observed in context with regard to the observance of rules governing hand hygiene and the decontamination of surfaces. Self-reported behavior is explained successively by behavioral control, intention and implementation of intention when the latter relates to behavioral reflexivity. These results are discussed from the point of view of nurse training practices. 相似文献
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Zvia Breznitz 《The Journal of psychology》2013,147(5):491-500
This study investigated the impact of prompting to achieve a faster reading rate on the reading performance of 100 Israeli first-grade students from lower- and middle-class backgrounds. In both groups, reading comprehension and decoding skills improved under the fast-pace condition. However, the children from lower socioeconomic backgrounds showed the greatest degree of overall improvement. Having scored significantly lower at self-pace, disadvantaged pupils nearly attained the level demonstrated by advantaged children when reading at the faster pace. The enhanced reading skills exhibited under accelerated speed are explained. 相似文献