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1.
Bo Ekehammar 《Journal of Vocational Behavior》1978,12(3):279-289
A causal model for career choice was outlined, encompassing psychological cost-benefit-profit as a central intervening construct. The model was applied to the career choice (education vs work) after high school graduation and tested on longitudinal data from 173 students. The main problem concerned the relationship among the components in the causal career choice model, using multiple correlation and path analysis as tools. The results showed clear sex differences. For boys, the model was a rather powerful predictor of career choice (R = 0.70), and Psychological profit with regard to continued education had a clear direct effect as well as an indirect effect on career choice. For girls, the predictive validity was low (R = 0.35) and Psychological profit affected career choice only indirectly via Educational aspiration. 相似文献
2.
Fifteen hermaphroditic females with the adrenogenital syndrome received corrective, androgen-suppressing therapy with cortisone from birth onward. They were studied psychologically in late adolescence and adulthood, with particular attention to a possible long-term effect of fetal androgenization on aggressive manifestations. No such effect was evident. The girls were tomboyish in the manner previously reported for the adrenogenital syndrome. 相似文献
3.
Diane L. Putnick Muhammad Kamal Uddin Ronald P. Rohner Bipasha Singha Ishrat Shahnaz 《International journal of psychology》2020,55(3):354-363
Loneliness is a significant public health issue that affects young adults. This investigation drew from interpersonal acceptance-rejection theory to understand how remembrances of parental rejection contributed to psychological maladjustment and loneliness in Bangladeshi college students (N = 300; 50% female). Students reported their remembrances of mothers' and fathers' acceptance-rejection, their current psychological maladjustment, and loneliness. Remembrances of rejection by parents in childhood were associated with psychological maladjustment (hostility/aggression, negative self-esteem, negative self-adequacy, emotional unresponsiveness, emotional instability, and negative worldview) for young adult men and women. Psychological maladjustment, in turn, was associated with feelings of loneliness in young adulthood for young men, but not women. Remembrances of parental rejection were also associated with greater hostility and aggression over and above general psychological functioning among both men and women. Findings are discussed in the context of different social and structural features of young adulthood for women and men in Bangladesh. 相似文献
4.
Jacqueline N. Carrow Jason C. Vladescu Sharon A. Reeve April N. Kisamore 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2020,53(3):1321-1336
There are over 3,000 sleep related infant deaths each year in the United States. Attempts to teach medical personnel and parents safe infant sleep practices in the infant sleep training literature have demonstrated mixed results. Thus, strategies to teach arrangements of safe infant sleep environments warrant further investigation. Behavioral skills training (BST) is an evidence-based teaching strategy shown to successfully teach various safety skills to children and adults. The current study evaluated the effectiveness of behavioral skills training to teach safe infant sleep practices to typically developing adults. Specifically, differential responding was assessed across multiple environmental arrangements typical of contexts parents may be exposed to when putting an infant to sleep. BST significantly improved appropriate arrangement of a safe sleep environment for infants for all 8 participants. 相似文献
5.
Maglieri KA DeLeon IG Rodriguez-Catter V Sevin BM 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2000,33(4):615-618
Covert food stealing is common among individuals with Prader-Willi syndrome. We found that verbal reprimands, delivered contingent upon eating prohibited foods, were sufficient to decrease the food stealing of a girl with Prader-Willi syndrome. Warning stimuli were then used to help her discriminate between permitted and prohibited foods during sessions in which food stealing was not directly observed. This procedure resulted in decreases in food stealing from containers labeled with the warning stimuli. 相似文献
6.
Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is an important condition confronting patients, clinicians, and researchers. This article provides information concerning the need for appropriate diagnosis of CFS subtypes. We first review findings suggesting that CFS is best conceptualized as a separate diagnostic entity rather than as part of a unitary model of functional somatic distress. Next, research involving the case definitions of CFS is reviewed. Findings suggest that whether a broad or more conservative case definition is employed, and whether clinic or community samples are recruited, these decisions will have a major influence in the types of patients selected. Review of further findings suggests that subtyping individuals with CFS on sociodemographic, functional disability, viral, immune, neuroendocrine, neurology, autonomic, and genetic biomarkers can provide clarification for researchers and clinicians who encounter CFS characteristically confusing heterogeneous symptom profiles. Treatment studies that incorporate subtypes might be particularly helpful in better understanding the pathophysiology of CFS. This review suggests that there is a need for greater diagnostic clarity, and this might be accomplished by subgroups that integrate multiple variables including those in cognitive, emotional, and biological domains. 相似文献
7.
McConkie-Rosell A Finucane B Cronister A Abrams L Bennett RL Pettersen BJ 《Journal of genetic counseling》2005,14(4):249-270
These recommendations describe the minimum standard criteria for genetic counseling and testing of individuals and families
with fragile X syndrome, as well as carriers and potential carriers of a fragile X mutation. The original guidelines (published
in 2000) have been revised, replacing a stratified pre- and full mutation model of fragile X syndrome with one based on a
continuum of gene effects across the full spectrum of FMR1 CGG trinucleotide repeat expansion. This document reviews the molecular
genetics of fragile X syndrome, clinical phenotype (including the spectrum of premature ovarian failure and fragile X-associated
tremor-ataxia syndrome), indications for genetic testing and interpretation of results, risks of transmission, family planning
options, psychosocial issues, and references for professional and patient resources. These recommendations are the opinions
of a multicenter working group of genetic counselors with expertise in fragile X syndrome genetic counseling, and they are
based on clinical experience, review of pertinent English language articles, and reports of expert committees. These recommendations
should not be construed as dictating an exclusive course of management, nor does use of such recommendations guarantee a particular
outcome. The professional judgment of a health care provider, familiar with the facts and circumstances of a specific case,
will always supersede these recommendations. 相似文献
8.
The new correlated 8-factor measurement structure of the Child Behavior Checklist for ages 6-18 (CBCL/6-18; T. M. Achenbach & L. A. Rescorla, 2001) derived from an American sample was used as a benchmark to evaluate its generalizability to Turkish general population (N = 5,195) and clinical (N = 963) samples. Item-level confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to evaluate the adequacy of the correlated 8-factor model across 3 sample conditions (general population, clinical, and combined sample whose Total Problems scores were above the Turkish national median). The results supported the generalizability of the overall measurement structure of the CBCL to the Turkish population. 相似文献
9.
The intentional nature of tics provides the opportunity to apply behavioural interventions aimed at tic reduction through interruption of stimulus-response sequences. The aim of this study has been to evaluate the effect of exposure and response prevention (ER) versus habit reversal (HR) in 43 Tourette's syndrome (TS) patients. The three outcome measures were: the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS), 15-min tic frequency registrations monitored at the institute and 15-min home tic frequency registrations. Both treatment conditions resulted in statistically significant improvements on all outcome measures (p < 0.001). No significant differences were found between the treatment conditions on any of the outcome measures, although there was a tendency in favour of ER on the YGTSS (p = 0.05). These results suggest that, at least in the short term, TS tic symptoms can be treated effectively with both types of treatment. 相似文献
10.
Ann Streissguth 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2007,14(2):81-101
Before alcohol was generally known to cause birth defects, NIAAA in 1974 began funding a population-based Seattle study on
alcohol use and pregnancy outcome. Women receiving prenatal care by mid-pregnancy were recruited (N = 1,529) and interviewed at home. Approximately 500 offspring exposed to a range of alcohol levels were examined on 11 occasions
between day 1 and 25 years. Neuropsychological and neurobehavioral performance measures are correlated with prenatal alcohol
dose, without substantial confounding by socio-demographic or rearing conditions, smoking, nutrition, or other drugs. Deficits
in attention, arithmetic skill, spatial-visual memory, and IQ, as well as increased alcohol problems and psychiatric disorders
are among offspring outcomes correlated at several ages with maternal drinking during and before pregnancy recognition. Findings
are not confined to women who believed they had alcohol problems. Not all exposed offspring appear affected. 相似文献