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Ted L. Rosenthal Kathleen S. Linehan John E. Kelley Renate H. Rosenthal Dale E. Theobald Anna F. Davis 《Behaviour research and therapy》1978,16(6):421-427
Sixty college students completed waiting control or alternative group aversion conditions, matched for severity and chronicity of nail-biting. Treatments spanned four sessions. Imaginai aversion (covert sensitization) clients visualized shocks to themselves. Vicarious aversion clients observed shocks to a trained model. A ‘hotseat’ format randomized a few actual shocks to each client with observing peers shocked on remaining trials. The predominant pattern of outcome and subjective impact results was as follows: Hotseat consistently best; vicarious typically second; imaginal usually third; controls worst. Clinical and conceptual issues are raised. 相似文献
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