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171.
172.
Kroonenberg and de Leeuw have suggested fitting the IDIOSCAL model by the TUCKALS2 algorithm for three-way components analysis. In theory, this is problematic because TUCKALS2 produces two possibly different coordinate matrices, that are useless for IDIOSCAL unless they are equal. Kroonenberg has claimed that, when IDIOSCAL is fitted by TUCKALS2, the resulting coordinate matrices will be identical. In the present paper, this claim is proven valid when the data matrices are semidefinite. However, counterexamples for indefinite matrices are also constructed, by examining the global minimum in the case where the data matrices have the same eigenvectors. Similar counterexamples have been considered by ten Berge and Kiers in the related context of CANDECOMP/PARAFAC to fit the INDSCAL model. 相似文献
173.
Gert ten Hoopen Leo Boelaarts Annette Gruisen Iwahn Apon Karen Donders Nico Mul Simone Akerboom 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》1994,56(1):110-120
Nakao and Axelrod (1976) and van Noorden (1975) showed that the threshold for discriminating an anisochronous duple rhythm (a series of clicks with a temporal offset on every other one) from an isochronous rhythm (no offset) is poorer when the clicks are presented alternately to the two ears than when they are presented to the same ears. Van Noorden reported that the difference between the thresholds in the alternating and nonalternating conditions varied with the tempo of the sequence. Nakao and Axelrod found invariance of this threshold difference with sequence speed. According to our quantification of temporal processing of interaural sequences, the latter result should be expected. We carried out five psychophysical experiments to establish interaural and monaural discrimination between isochronous and anisochronous rhythms. Across experiments, base time intervals of 60–720 msec were spanned. The main result was that we replicated the poorer discrimination for interaural sequences. This deterioration in discrimination was the same for all sequence speeds. It was also the case that the thresholds were almost constant up to a sound repetition rate of about 3 per second, but increased linearly with slower rates. This result supports evidence in the literature that temporal processing of sequences faster than about 3–4 sounds per second differs from temporal processing of slower sequences. 相似文献
174.
Marleen Stelter Deja Simon Jimmy Calanchini Oliver Christ Juliane Degner 《British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953)》2023,114(Z1):150-171
People are better at recognizing faces from their own racial or ethnic group compared with faces from other racial or ethnic groups, known as the other-‘race’ effect (ORE). Several theories of the ORE assume that memory for other-race faces is impaired because people have less contact with members of other racial or ethnic groups, resulting in lower visual expertise. The present research investigates contact theories of the ORE, using self-report contact measures and objective measures of potential outgroup exposure (estimated from participants' residential location and from GPS tracking). Across six studies (total N = 2660), we observed that White American and White German participants displayed better memory for White faces compared with Black or Middle Eastern faces, whereas Black American participants displayed similarly equal or better memory for White compared with Black faces. We did not observe any relations between the ORE and objective measures of potential outgroup exposure. Only in Studies 2a and 2b, we observed very small correlations (rs = −.08 to .06) between 4 out of 30 contact measures and the ORE. We discuss methodological limitations and implications for theories of the ORE. 相似文献
175.
Nikita L. Frankenmolen Mareike Altgassen Renée Kessels Marleen M. de Waal Julie-Anne Hindriksen Barbara Verhoeven 《Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition》2017,24(1):45-61
Whether older adults can compensate for their associative memory deficit by using memory strategies efficiently might depend on their general cognitive abilities. This study examined the moderating role of an IQ estimate on the beneficial effects of strategy instructions. A total of 142 participants (aged 18–85 years) received either intentional learning or strategy (“sentence generation”) instructions during encoding of word pairs. Whereas young adults with a lower IQ benefited from strategy instructions, those with a higher IQ did not, presumably because they already use strategies spontaneously. Older adults showed the opposite effect: following strategy instructions, older adults with a higher IQ showed a strong increase in memory performance (approximately achieving the level of younger adults), whereas older adults with a lower IQ did not, suggesting that they have difficulties implementing the provided strategies. These results highlight the importance of the role of IQ in compensating for the aging-related memory decline. 相似文献
176.
177.
Transforming the core array in Tucker three-way component analysis to simplicity is an intriguing way of revealing structures
in between standard Tucker three-way PCA, where the core array is unconstrained, and CANDECOMP/PARAFAC, where the core array
has a generalized diagonal form. For certain classes of arrays, transformations to simplicity, that is, transformations that
produce a large number of zeros, can be obtained explicitly by solving sets of linear equations. The present paper extends
these results. First, a method is offered to simplifyJ ×J × 2 arrays. Next, it is shown that the transformation that simplifies anI ×J ×K array can be used to also simplify the (complementary) arrays of order (JK −I) ×J ×K, of orderI × (IK −J) ×K and of orderI ×J × (IJ −K). Finally, the question of what constitutes the maximal simplicity for arrays (the maximal number of zero elements) will
be considered. It is shown that cases of extreme simplicity, considered in the past, are, in fact, cases of maximal simplicity. 相似文献
178.
Nakajima Y ten Hoopen G Sasaki T Yamamoto K Kadota M Simons M Suetomi D 《Perception》2004,33(9):1061-1079
Our previous research on auditory time perception showed that the duration of empty time intervals shorter than about 250 ms can be underestimated hugely if they are immediately preceded by shorter time intervals. We named this illusion 'time-shrinking' (TS). This study comprises four experiments in which the preceding interval, t1, was followed by a standard interval, t2. When t1 < or = 200 ms, and t1 < or = t2, the underestimation of t2 came into view clearly. The absolute difference between t2 and t1 was the crucial factor for the illusion to appear. The underestimation increased when t2 increased from t1 to t1 + 65 ms, stayed at about 45 ms when t2 was between t1 + 65 ms and t1 + 95 ms, and disappeared suddenly when t2 exceeded t1 + 95 ms. This pattern of results was observed across all values of t1 < or = 200 ms. A model was fit to the data to elucidate the underlying process of the illusion. The model states that the perceived duration difference between t1 and t2 is reduced by cutting mental processing time for t2; in other words, that t2 assimilates to t1. 相似文献
179.
The aim of this study was to assess the relation between parental self-reported child-rearing attitudes and dental fear in children. The parents of 51 children with high dental fear and of 56 children with low dental fear, of different age groups, completed the Amsterdam version of the Parental Attitude Research Instrument. In addition, parents were asked to rate their own dental fear. Multivariate analysis of variance (child fear x parental fear x child age) showed a significant main effect only of child dental fear on parental self-complaints (p = .03). For parental dental fear, main effects were found on overprotection and on promotion of autonomy (p < or = .01). No age effects were found. Also, no relation between children's dental fear and parental dental fear was found. Based on the present findings, it was concluded that parents may play a more secondary, mediating role in the etiological process of dental fear in children. 相似文献
180.
Hybrid logics with Sahlqvist axioms 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3