占星术,或者,面相学与头盖骨相学——阿多诺与《精神现象学》的一种批判传统

该文试图从黑格尔《精神现象学》中的一个小问题入手,来探讨这部著作在思想传承上对于阿多诺所具有的意义。首先,我们考察了这个时代所普遍存在着的对理性的误解。接着,我们通过黑格尔《精神现象学》中对面相学和头盖骨相学的论述,分析了一种反理性的倾向。最后,我们在阿多诺的研究中发现,这种反理性的倾向在当代通过占星术的形式更为貌似合理地深潜在我们的社会生活之中,对此,阿多诺是一个洞悉者和批判者。这种洞悉和批判是黑格尔《精神现象学》的理性传统的承继。     

An expanded etiological model for suicide behavior in adolescents: Evidence for its specificity relative to depression

This study tests both the stress/social support and the stress/problem-solving etiological models for suicidality while controlling for depression. To this end, a depressed, high-suicide-ideating sample (N=68) was compared to a depressed, low-suicide-ideating sample (N=64). Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were used to test the unique contributions of stress, problem-solving orientation, problem-solving skills, and perceived level of social support in predicting level of suicidality. Hierarchical regression analyses were also used to test the interactive contributions of problem-solving × stress and social support × stress in predicting level of suicidality. Regression models were generated separately for men, women, and the entire sample using all factors. The results clearly support the importance of social support as an independent predictor of suicidality for men, women, and the entire sample. Ability to generate alternatives to identified problems predicted suicidality, but only for women and the entire sample. Problem-solving orientation was not uniquely predictive of suicidality and may affect suicidal behavior via its relationship to depression.     

环境消费心理学

环境消费心理学是近年来发展起来的一个分支。生态既是人类生存的基础 ,又是人类消费的对象。人们对环境问题的认知和个人的消费行为有很大的距离。环境问题的认知是很难和实际经验相联系的抽象概念。个人即使有保护环境的意识 ,在实际消费行为中往往选择与保护环境的态度不一致的行动。这是态度、认知和行为没有一致的产生原因。本文对环境和消费问题从社会心理学的角度进行了分析。     

《易纬·稽览图》"一爻直一日"卦气术考

<易纬·稽览图>卷下载有一种"一爻直一日"的卦气占术,还少见学者讨论.本文对这一占术作了梳理,并对其特点、流传作了初步考察.与<稽览图>卷下"六日七分"卦气术不同,<稽览图>"一爻直一日"的卦气术,与焦赣"焦林直日"卦气说有密切的关系,二者可能同属于<连山><归藏>系统.此术至唐一直在流传.     

背侧海马注射神经递质受体激动剂及阻断剂对大鼠条件反射的影响

本工作应用脑内埋植慢性导管进行微量注射的方法,研究了背侧海马内注射乙酰胆碱及其M-受体阻断剂阿托品,GABA及其受体阻断剂印防己毒素,L-谷氨酸及其受体阻断剂4-羟基喹啉酸和受体激动剂海人酸、喹啉酸对大鼠巩固的操作式防御性条件反射的影响。结果表明:(1)乙酰胆碱、低浓度的印防己毒素、L-谷氨酸、海人酸、喹啉酸均对动物条件反射有暂时的促进作用。(2)阿托品、GABA和4-羟基喹啉酸均对动物条件反射有暂时的抑制作用。这些结果提示:海马内几种神经递质系统可能参与大鼠记忆再现的调制。     

班级环境如何影响受欺负者的适应？健康环境悖论及其发生机制

“健康环境悖论”是指在受欺负水平相对较低的环境中,受欺负个体有更多的适应问题。通过梳理相关实证研究,本文从人际与认知两大方面分析健康环境悖论的发生机制。人际机制强调健康环境会影响同伴群体对于受欺负者的态度和受欺负者的友谊,这些不良的人际关系进一步加剧受欺负者的适应困难。认知机制认为健康环境会通过向上的社会比较和消极归因方式,影响受欺负者的适应问题。最后,我们讨论了中国文化背景下“健康环境悖论”的适用性问题、未来研究的发展方向和对于干预实践的建议。     

Individual and group advice taking in judgmental forecasting: Is group forecasting superior to individual forecasting?

We examined how individuals and groups behave in making judgmental forecasts when they are given external forecast advice. We compare individual and group advice-taking behavior under different conditions: (a) when advice quality is fixed, (b) when advice quality is randomly varied, and (c) when there is feedback on advice quality or not. Participants in Study 1 received fixed advice of either reasonable or unreasonable quality while making their decisions. Participants in Study 2 randomly received both reasonable and unreasonable advice. We found in both studies that groups feel more confident than individuals. This greater confidence decreased the groups' reliance on advice. We also found that groups are better than individuals at discerning the quality of advice. In the group treatment, the group's reliance on advice increased according to the degree of disagreement with the initial decisions of the group members. In Study 3, participants randomly received both reasonable and unreasonable advice, and in addition, they received feedback on actual realizations that enabled them to learn about the quality of advice. In the presence of feedback on random advice quality, groups are no longer less receptive to advice than individuals; with feedback, both individuals and groups discount advice more than they do without feedback. Nevertheless, groups are still better than individuals at discerning the quality of advice. We conclude that group forecasting is better than individual forecasting across various conditions that we investigate except when advice quality is known to be consistently reliable.     

民族认同的概念、测量及研究述评

民族认同对个人心理健康、国家团结和谐有着重大意义,已成为当今研究中的热点问题。文章针对民族认同涵义正在逐步拓宽的发展趋势,分析了民族认同的内涵及与相关概念的关系。在描述民族认同测量多维性的基础上,梳理并比较了MEIM、MEIM-R和EIS等应用广泛的民族认同测量工具。归纳了以民族认同作为调节变量、中介变量的最新研究及其相关研究。未来民族认同研究深化的基本途径为关键术语一致化、研究方法精确化和评估水平全面化。     

时序知觉中词义和位置的stroop效应

本文目的在于探讨时序知觉中是否存在词义与位置Stroop效应。通过时序知觉判断任务,使用中文汉字“先-后”刺激材料,让被试做出时序判断。对反应时的结果显示空间方位、词义位置的匹配关系和时间间隔均存在主效应,空间方位和词义位置匹配关系、空间方位和时间间隔、词义位置匹配关系和时间间隔均存在交互作用。上述结果提示人脑在时序知觉判断过程中存在词义和位置的Stroop效应,该效应可能与时序知觉加工机制有关。     

领导力技能问卷的修订

以湖北省396名中学生为被试,在探索性因素分析的基础上对Carter等人1980年编制的领导力技能问卷进行了初步的修订。结果表明：修订后的领导力技能问卷具有良好的内部一致性和稳定性,且验证性因素分析也表明各分量表的结构拟合良好,达到了心理测量学标准。可作为评估中国青少年领导力技能的有效且可靠的工具进行使用。