Slippery Slope Arguments in Legal Contexts: Towards Argumentative Patterns

Argumentation - Addressing the slippery slope argument (SSA) in legal contexts from the perspective of pragma-dialectics, this paper elaborates the conditions under which an SSA-scheme instance is...     

What Matters Most to the Left-Behind Children’s Life Satisfaction and School Engagement: Parent or Grandparent?

This study compared the role of the parent and grandparent in the adjustment of children who had, and who had not, been left behind when their parents moved to urban areas for work, and tested whether self-esteem mediated the association between these family relationships and child adjustment. The sample included 428 middle school students in central China, 204 of whom were left-behind children who were cared for by grandparents and 224 of whom were not left behind. The students responded to five questionnaires measuring parent–child relationships, grandparent–child relationships, self-esteem, life satisfaction and school engagement. Regression analyses showed that self-esteem mediated the association between parent–child and grandparent–child relationships and children’s adjustment, but there were different patterns of association for the non-left-behind children and left-behind children groups. Furthermore, the unique effect of parent–child relationships was higher than that of grandparent–child relationships for the non-left-behind children, but for the left-behind children, grandparent–child relationships played a more important role than grandparent–child relationships in predicting their school engagement, and parent–child relationships played a more important role in predicting their life satisfaction. Parents who are far away and grandparents who are close at hand can shape different psychological and behavioral development outcomes of left-behind children.     

临床医学科研人才培养的实践范式研究

从2000年开始,中国医科大学附属盛京医院积极探索临床科研人才培养的规律与途径.从获奖科研成果级别与数量、获奖成果的学科(专业)分布及获奖成果第一完成人的年龄结构等三个方面,对中国医科大学附属盛京医院1994年～2007年的179项获奖科研成果进行研究与分析,总结临床医学科研人才培养的实践模式.     

临床教学中运用标准化病人的困境及对策——以南京医科大学为例

本文介绍了国内高等医学院校标准化病人(SP)工作的基本情况,并以南京医科大学为例阐述了在临床教学过程中SP工作不同发展阶段,结合有关文献梳理出当前SP工作诸如对SP的认识尚不完全统一、对SP工作的评价标准有异、SP队伍不稳定影响持续发展、应用范围太窄影响SP投入产出效益及SP工作的条件保障难以满足发展需要等问题,结合研究提出了加大对SP的宣传;加大SP项目的协作;加大SP权益保护;加大SP开放性探索及增强经费资源的投入力度等建议.     

功能性胃肠病诊断方法现状分析

功能性胃肠病是一种存在消化道症状,但无法用器质性病变或生化异常来解释的消化道功能性疾病.在消化系统疾病中发病率非常高,严重影响了人们的生活质量.目前临床诊断功能性胃肠病主要依据国际公认的以症状学为诊断依据的罗马Ⅲ诊断标准.但因其病因、发病机制以及病理生理基础并未完全明确,罗马Ⅲ并不是诊断的完美金标准.针对这些环节,国际国内开展了各种各样的检查方法.笔者综述了目前临床上常用的诊断方法以及存在的主要问题,以期协助指导临床诊断及治疗.     

In situ characterization of the martensitic transformation temperature of NiTi shape memory alloys via instrumented microindentation

A novel, instrumented microindentation technique was successfully used to measure the temperature associated with the martensitic transformation leading to the recovery of plastic strain in a Nickel–Titanium (NiTi) shape memory alloy. Following a standard indentation cycle, the indenter was partially unloaded such that a good contact was maintained between indenter and specimen surface. The onset and finish temperature of the martensitic transformation, the associated volume contraction, and the amount of the recovered plastic deformation were determined by quantifying the indenter displacement as a function of temperature. These experiments were compared to conventional measurements of the transformation temperature by differential scanning calorimetry and compression testing.     

Formation of yittrium oxide in cemented carbides

Rare-earth (RE) elements are helpful in improving the mechanical properties of cemented carbides. In this work, the formation of Y₂O₃ in functionally graded cemented carbides is investigated using transmission electron microscopy. The results indicate that Y₂O₃ can stabilize the Co phase with the face-centred cubic structure (α-Co), since it has a cubic structure similar to the high-temperature Co phase. The α-Co phase has a higher plasticity than ε-Co, and this suggests a possible mechanism for the role of RE elements in toughening cemented carbides.     

雕版印刷术始于后赵道教辟谷方说不可信

学术界依据清初人陈芳生《先忧集》所载后赵刘景先将其得自太白山隐士的道教辟谷方"镂板广传"一事,以证明雕版印刷术始于五胡十六国之后赵。通过对此说的史源进行检讨,可以发现:此辟谷方在宋以前只有传写本,至宋代才有了石本,至元代王祯才将其"镂板广传"。因此,雕版印刷术始于后赵说是不可信的。