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881.
This study examined the function of approach and avoidant coping on the relations between exposure to violence and post-traumatic
stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. The sample included seventy African-American, inner-city children (ages eleven to fourteen).
Tests of moderating effects investigated the mechanism of two avoidant coping strategies, cognitive distraction and behavioral
avoidance. Cognitive distraction was found to moderate the level of violence exposure such that, as violence increased, the
use of cognitive distraction was related to an increased frequency of cognitive arousal. Behavioral avoidance moderated violence
such that, under higher exposure to violence, the lowered use of behavioral avoidance was related to an increased frequency
of behavioral arousal. Tests of moderating effects examined the function of two approach strategies, problem-solving and social
support. Neither strategy showed significant effects. This study provided a first-step in the examination of coping within
inner-city children.
Portions of this research were supported by a grant from the U. S. Department of
Portions of this research were supported by a grant from the U. S. Department of
Portions of this research were supported by a grant from the U. S. Department of 相似文献
882.
Resolution-based methods for modal logics 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
883.
Margaret Dempsey Ph.D. Overstreet Stacy Barbara Moely 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2000,19(1):28-45
This study examined the function of approach and avoidant coping on the relations between exposure to violence and post-traumatic
stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. The sample included seventy African-American, inner-city children (ages eleven to fourteen).
Tests of moderating effects investigated the mechanism of two avoidant coping strategies, cognitive distraction and behavioral
avoidance. Cognitive distraction was found to moderate the level of violence exposure such that, as violence increased, the
use of cognitive distraction was related to an increased frequency of cognitive arousal. Behavioral avoidance moderated violence
such that, under higher exposure to violence, the lowered use of behavioral avoidance was related to an increased frequency
of behavioral arousal. Tests of moderating effects examined the function of two approach strategies, problem-solving and social
support. Neither strategy showed significant effects. This study provided a first-step in the examination of coping within
inner-city children.
Portions of this research were supported by a grant from the U. S. Department of
Portions of this research were supported by a grant from the U. S. Department of
Portions of this research were supported by a grant from the U. S. Department of 相似文献
884.
Jan de Jonge Maureen F. Dollard Christian Dormann Pascale M. Le Blanc Irene L. D. Houtman 《International journal of stress management》2000,7(4):269-287
The purpose of this study was to test the Demand-Control Model (DCM), accompanied by three goals. Firstly, we used alternative, more focused, and multifaceted measures of both job demands and job control that are relevant and applicable to today's working contexts. Secondly, this study intended to focus on particular demands in human services work and to incorporate these demands in the DCM. Finally, this occupation-based study investigated relatively large well-defined subgroups compared to a total sample. Workers from five human service sectors (n = 2,485) were included in a cross-sectional survey (i.e., health care, transport, bank/insurance, retail trade, and warehouse). Results showed that job demands and job control are able to show several interaction effects on employee well-being and health, but only in specific occupational groups. In conclusion, the current findings provide renewed empirical support for the view that high-strain jobs (high demand, low control) are conducive to ill health (i.e., emotional exhaustion, psychosomatic health complaints). Further, it appears that active jobs (high demands, high control) give rise to positive outcomes (i.e., job challenge, job satisfaction). 相似文献
885.
Sammyh S. Khan Nicholas Garnett Daniella Hult Khazaie James H. Liu Homero Gil de Zúñiga 《British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953)》2020,111(2):200-214
Social group membership and its social-relational corollaries, for example, social contact, trust, and support, are prophylactic for health. Research has tended to focus on how direct social interactions between members of small-scale groups (i.e., a local sports team or community group) are conducive to positive health outcomes. The current study provides evidence from a longitudinal cross-cultural sample (N = 6,748; 18 countries/societies) that the prophylactic effect of group membership is not isolated to small-scale groups, and that members of groups do not have to directly interact, or in fact know of each other to benefit from membership. Our longitudinal analyses suggest that national identification (strength of association with the country/society of which one is a citizen) predicts lower anxiety and improved health; national identification was in fact almost as positively predictive of health status as anxiety was negatively predictive. The findings indicate that identification with large-scale groups, like small-scale groups, is palliative, and are discussed in terms of globalization and banal nationalism. 相似文献
886.
Miriam Schwarzenthal Maja K. Schachner Linda P. Juang Fons J. R. van de Vijver 《European journal of social psychology》2020,50(2):323-346
Culturally diverse schools may constitute natural arenas for training crucial intercultural skills. We hypothesized that a classroom cultural diversity climate fostering contact and cooperation and multiculturalism, but not a climate fostering color-evasion, would be positively related to adolescents’ intercultural competence. Adolescents in North Rhine-Westphalia (N = 631, Mage = 13.69 years, 49% of immigrant background) and Berlin (N = 1,335, Mage = 14.69 years, 52% of immigrant background) in Germany reported their perceptions of the classroom cultural diversity climate and completed quantitative and qualitative measures assessing their intercultural competence. Multilevel structural equation models indicate that contact and cooperation, multiculturalism, and, surprisingly, also color-evasion (as in emphasizing a common humanity), were positively related to the intercultural competence of immigrant and non-immigrant background students. We conclude that all three aspects of the classroom climate are uniquely related to aspects of adolescents’ intercultural competence and that none of them may be sufficient on their own. 相似文献
887.
Kenneth D. Locke Khairul A. Mastor Geoff MacDonald Daniela Barni Hiroaki Morio Jose Alberto S. Reyes José de Jesús Vargas-Flores Joselina Ibáñez-Reyes Shanmukh Kamble Fernando A. Ortiz 《European journal of social psychology》2020,50(5):903-920
To examine cultural, gender, and parent–child differences in partner preferences, in eight countries undergraduates (n = 2,071) and their parents (n = 1,851) ranked the desirability of qualities in someone the student might marry. Despite sizable cultural differences—especially between Southeast Asian and Western countries—participants generally ranked kind/understanding (reflecting interpersonal communion) highest, and intelligent and healthy (reflecting mental/physical agency) among the top four. Students valued exciting, attractive partners more and healthy, religious partners less than parents did; comparisons with rankings by youth in 1984 (i.e., from the parents' generation) suggested cohort effects cannot explain most parent–child disagreements. As evolutionary psychology predicts, participants prioritized wives' attractiveness and homemaker skills and husbands' education and breadwinner skills; but as sociocultural theory predicts, variations across countries/decades in gendered spousal/in-law preferences mirrored socioeconomic gender differences. Collectively, the results suggest individuals consider their social roles/circumstances when envisioning their ideal spouse/in-law, which has implications for how humans’ partner-appraisal capabilities evolved. 相似文献
888.
Philosophia - This paper discusses practical akrasia from the perspective of the sophisticated form of moral subjectivism that can be derived from Nuno Venturinha’s (2018) remarks on moral... 相似文献
889.
Sabine van der Asdonk Whitney D. de Haan Sheila R. van Berkel Marinus H. van IJzendoorn Ralph C. A. Rippe Carlo Schuengel Chris Kuiper Ramon J. L. Lindauer Mathilde Overbeek Lenneke R. A. Alink 《Infant mental health journal》2020,41(6):821-835
Even though Parenting Capacity Assessments (PCAs) are essential for child protection services to support placement decisions for maltreating families, presently no evidence-based PCA protocols are available. In this randomized controlled trial, we tested the quality of an attachment-based PCA protocol based on Video-feedback Intervention to promote Positive Parenting and Sensitive Discipline (VIPP-SD). We recruited 56 parent-child dyads (Mage children = 3.48 years) in Dutch family residential clinics that conduct PCAs to support placement decisions. After pretest, families were randomized to receive the Regular Assessment Procedure (RAP) (n = 28), or an additional assessment based on VIPP-SD (n = 28). An immediate post-test and a 10-month follow-up were conducted. Multilevel models showed that therapists felt equally confident about their recommendations regarding child placement for both groups and that they equally often modified their initial placement recommendations. Moreover, children in the VIPP-SD group did not show fewer behavior problems and did not experience recurring child maltreatment less often than children in the RAP group. Thus, we found no evidence that PCAs incorporating the VIPP-SD protocol outperformed PCAs as usual. We discuss possible explanations why in the current study VIPP-SD did not seem to add to the quality of the RAP. 相似文献
890.
do Nascimento Bianca Gomes Oliveira Hingrid Suzzan Tarso Oliveira e Silva Hadda Tercya Lima de Siqueira-Silva Diógenes Henrique Lima-Maximino Monica Maximino Caio 《Animal cognition》2020,23(5):965-972
Animal Cognition - Orienting responses (ORs) are whole-organism reflexes that are elicited by innocuous stimuli, and which decrease in magnitude after stimulus repetition. ORs represent relatively... 相似文献