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81.
Marcos Rodrigues da Silva 《Cross currents》2017,67(1):192-212
82.
83.
Flavio Soares Correa da Silva 《Knowledge, Technology, and Policy》2010,23(1-2):97-107
Floridi’s work, although diverse and multifaceted, portrays a solid coherence across his different lines of work. Among his wealth of interests and results, we highlight his recent work on information logics, on the ethics of information technology, and his rigorous (and vigorous) philosophical analysis of recent technological trends and developments in information technology. In the present article we illustrate, by means of some connecting arguments, the diversity and coherence of Floridi’s work. We also show how his work, although fundamentally philosophical in nature, can be used to build solid foundations for scientific and entrepreneurial endeavours of higher quality. More specifically, we discuss how the combination of results from the three lines of work referred to above can be used as ground for the organisation of higher quality programmes to augment the capabilities and effectiveness of governmental systems through information and communications technology, a trend that has been explored in many nations and that has been coined Electronic Government. Electronic Government programmes that improve the capabilities of citizens to interact with each other and with governments, as well as the capabilities of governments to listen to the needs and aspirations of citizens, have the potential to contribute to the construction of more democratic states. Electronic Government systems that rely on ready made models to prescribe to citizens how best they should interact with each other and with the public administration are, however, by construction non-democratic. Hence, it can be a moral and ethical matter for governments to choose which line of technological development they take. 相似文献
84.
Robert W. Lent Maria Paula Paixão José Tomás da Silva 《Journal of Vocational Behavior》2010,76(2):244-251
The predictive utility of social cognitive career theory’s (SCCT) interest and choice models was examined in a sample of 600 Portuguese high school students. Participants completed measures of occupational self-efficacy, outcome expectations, interests, social supports and barriers, and choice consideration across the six Holland (1997) RIASEC types. The integrated interest-choice model fit the data well across Holland types and generally supported the hypotheses that self-efficacy and outcome expectations jointly predict interests, and that interests mediate the relations of self-efficacy and outcome expectations to choice consideration. Contrary to SCCT, however, social supports and barriers related to choice consideration indirectly, through self-efficacy, rather than directly. The implications of these findings for further research on the cross-cultural validity of SCCT are considered. 相似文献
85.
Vieira ML Seidl-de-Moura ML Macarini SM Martins GD Lordelo Eda R Tokumaru RS Oliva AD 《The Spanish journal of psychology》2010,13(2):818-826
This study aimed to investigate characteristics of Brazilian mothers' beliefs system, in the dimensions of autonomy and interdependence. A group of 600 women, half from state capitals and half from small towns, participated in the study. They were individually interviewed with Scales of Allocentrism, Beliefs about Parental Practices and Socialization Goals. Paired and Independent samples t tests and Multivariate GLM were performed. The results indicate that although mothers from both contexts value autonomy, mothers inhabiting small towns considered the relational dimension as the most important; whereas mothers inhabiting capitals valued equally both dimensions, either in their beliefs about practices or in the socialization goals for their children. Mothers from small towns have a higher mean score for allocentrism than mothers living in capitals. Thus, place of residence proved to be a relevant variable in the modulation of maternal beliefs. Educational level was not a significant factor in the variables considered and with this group of mothers. The study results are discussed in terms of their contribution to the understanding of the complex relationship between dimensions of autonomy and interdependence in mothers' beliefs system. 相似文献
86.
This paper first provides a brief survey of a possibilistic handling of default rules. A set of default rules of the form,
“generally, from α deduce β”, is viewed as the family of possibility distributions satisfying constraints expressing that
the situation where α and β is true has a greater plausibility than the one where a and - β is true. When considering only
the subset of linear possibility distributions, the well-known System P of postulates proposed by Kraus, Lehmann and Magidor,
has been obtained. We also present two rational extensions: one based on the minimum specificity principle and the other is
based on the lexicographic ordering. The second part of the paper presents an empirical study of three desirable properties
for a consequence relation that capture default reasoning: Rationality, Property Inheritance and Ambiguity Preservation. An
experiment is conducted to investigate 13 patterns of inference for the test of these properties. Our experimental apparatus
confirms previous results on the relevance of System P, and enforces the psychological relevance of the studied properties. 相似文献
87.
Vivian Fukumasu da Cunha Fabio Scorsolini‐Comin 《Counselling and Psychotherapy Research》2019,19(4):523-532
The religiosity/spirituality (R/S) dimension is recognised as an important component of the concept of health advocated by the World Health Organization; however, it does not appear in the undergraduate Psychology curricula in the Brazilian context, revealing a gap in the way this theme has been covered. In order to identify the professional reality of Brazilian psychotherapists in relation to this theme, this study aimed to identify what constitutes the best professional practices when approaching R/S in psychotherapy. We interviewed 24 psychotherapists of both sexes, with a mean age of 36.43, from two medium‐sized cities of two Brazilian states. According to the interviewees, the best practices considered when addressing R/S, that is, the most appropriate actions/attitudes, are as follows: (a) Respect; (b) Knowing how to separate what is from the psychotherapist and from the patient/client; (c) Recognising the theme as an integrative dimension of the human being; (d) Knowing how to listen; (e) Questioning the role of R/S in the life of the patients/clients; (f) Knowledge about the subject matter; and (g) Not imposing knowledge, practices or doctrine. These practices were revealed as the skills, competencies and knowledge needed to deal with the subject and highlight important references to think about the theme in psychotherapy, guiding the formation of new professionals and updating practising psychotherapists. 相似文献
88.
Multicultural education emerged from the political struggles of the 1960s and 1970s and advocated the inclusion of women and ethnic and racial groups in school curricula and children's media. Recently multiculturalism has evolved to include a critical perspective by focusing on stigmatized social identities such as race, class, sexuality, ethnicity, and disability. Little Bill, a children's animated television series, is an example of applied critical multiculturalism. In this chapter, we present a case study of one episode, "A Ramp for Monty," to illustrate the merits of this approach, which may increase the number of social identities children relate to and increase the degree of understanding they may bring to the differences inherent in social identities. 相似文献
89.
Family psychological factors in relation to children's asthma status and behavioral adjustment at age 4 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
The objectives of this study were to determine whether family psychosocial factors influenced asthma development by age 4, and whether family factors and early wheezing illness were associated with behavioral adjustment at age 4. Participants were 98 children enrolled in an intervention study at 9-24 months and followed to age 4. Baseline evaluations assessed infants' respiratory illness severity, family psychosocial characteristics, and parental risk factors for asthma development. Active asthma categorization at age 4 utilized both parent report and objective data. Parents completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Caregiver single-parent status, a composite of baseline family stresses, and early wheezing illness severity were associated with active asthma at age 4. The contribution of prenatal smoke exposure and early hospitalization to active asthma varied with racial/ethnic group membership. Maternal mental health and family stresses predicted CBCL scores at age 4, whereas early illness severity and hospitalization were unrelated to CBCL scores. CBCL scores were not elevated for children with active asthma at age 4. Family factors consistent with a negative emotional environment were associated with both active asthma and adjustment problems at age 4, suggesting that both outcomes may be influenced by a common factor. 相似文献
90.
Extending the study of autobiographical narratives to entire life narratives, we tested the emergence of globally coherent life narratives in adolescence, as hypothesized by McAdams (1985). Participants were 102 children and young adults (ages 8, 12, 16, and 20 years) who narrated their lives twice. Between narrations, half of each age group participated in tasks designed to train autobiographical reasoning; the other half participated in control tasks. Coherence was measured by the relative frequency of local temporal, causal, and thematic linguistic indicators identified qualitatively at the level of propositions, as well as by quantitative global rating scales measuring the impressions of the listeners. Coherence increased across the age span. Overall, repeated narrating and training did not increase coherence. Crystallized and fluid intelligence, number of negative life events, and frequency of biographical practices and confiding in others did not contribute substantially to the prediction of coherence beyond age. Results are interpreted in the context of adolescent identity development. 相似文献