思考今日之地中海空间

随着伊斯兰教的传播,一个新的世界进入地中海沿岸。一个裂口撕开了,一直延续至今。——亨利·皮雷纳[1]说明是否应该以蕴涵着一种历史哲学——尽管其价值有待评估——的历史现实主义的名义认为,探索或者激活历史地存在于地中海空间的意义问题的一切尝试都注定陷入唯灵论的幻想、唯心主义的思辨、怀旧的追忆[2]?抑或尽管缺乏人道主义方案的世界化凯旋推进,但依然可以在地中海思想和文化史中辨认出某些理性的态度、精神的追求、创造性想象的作品、传播文明的先知、圣人、思想家、艺术家和英雄的见证,他们足以丰富、阐明、启迪、保障新的争取人…     

The Self- and Other-Blame Scale (SOBS). The background and presentation of a new instrument for measuring blame in families

This article presents an account of the development and reliability of an observational instrument to measure blame: the Self- and Other-Blame Scale (SOBS). Fifty-one eating disordered patients together with eighty of their relatives were interviewed using a semi-structured family interview. Videotapes were assessed by two independent raters. Inter-rater reliability was good for both dimensions of SOBS: self-blame (SB) and other-blame (OB). One of the aims in developing the instrument was to be able to explore the relationship between self- and other-blame and criticism. Preliminary data are presented showing the distribution of SOBS scores within families rated as high or low on Expressed Emotion (EE). High EE was associated with high levels of self-blame in the parents, but not in the patients. Fathers in high EE families were more blaming of the patient than those in Low EE families but this was not true for mothers' levels of daughter blaming.     

Ethical Dilemmas at the End of Life: Islamic Perspective

Many Muslim patients and families are often reluctant to accept fatal diagnoses and prognoses. Not infrequently, aggressive therapy is sought by the patient or his/her family, to prolong the life of the patient at all costs. A series of searches were conducted of Medline databases published in English between January 2000 and January 2015 with the following Keywords: End-of-life, Ethics and Islam. Islamic law permits the withdrawal of futile treatment, including all kinds of life support, from terminally ill patients leaving death to take its natural course. However, such decision should only take place when the physicians are confident that death is inevitable. All interventions ensuring patient’s comfort and dignity should be maintained. This topic is quite challenging for the health care providers of Muslim patients in the Western World.