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951.
Koen Luwel A. Leo Beem Patrick Onghena Lieven Verschaffel 《Behavior research methods》2001,33(4):470-478
Some years ago, Beem (1993, 1995) described a program for fitting two regression lines with an unknown change point (Segcurve). He suggested that such models are useful for the analysis of a variety of phenomena and gave an example of an application to the study of strategy shifts in a mental rotation task. This technique has also proven to be very fruitful for investigating strategy use and strategy shifts in other cognitive tasks. Recently, Beem (1999) developed SegcurvN, which fitsn regression lines with (n - 1) unknown change points. In the present article we present this new technique and demonstrate the usefulness of a three-phase segmented linear regression model for the identification of strategies and strategy shifts in cognitive tasks by applying it to data from a numerosity judgment experiment. The advantages and shortcomings of this technique are evaluated. 相似文献
952.
Matthias R. Mehl James W. Pennebaker D. Michael Crow James Dabbs John H. Price 《Behavior research methods》2001,33(4):517-523
A recording device called the Electronically Activated Recorder (EAR) is described. The EAR tape-records for 30 sec once every 12 min for 2–4 days. It is lightweight and portable, and it can be worn comfortably by participants in their natural environment. The acoustic data samples provide a nonobtrusive record of the language used and settings entered by the participant. Preliminary psychometric findings suggest that the EAR data accurately reflect individuals’ natural social, linguistic, and psychological lives. The data presented in this article were collected with a first-generation EAR system based on analog tape recording technology, but a second generation digital EAR is now available. 相似文献
953.
20 patients with somatoform disorders as defined by DSM-IV and 20 healthy controls were examined for their proprioception. Several psychophysiological theories of somatoform disorders suggest biased proprioceptive abilities. The primary question is, whether we may find an inaccurate myogen perception in somatization as suggested by the approach of Bischoff [Wahrnehmung der Muskelspannung (Perception of muscle tension) Gottingen: Hogrefe (1989)] or a more precise proprioception as may be derived from concepts of a higher awareness of body reactions [e.g. Barksky, A. J. (1992) Amplification, somatization, and the somatoform disorders. Psychosomatics, 39, 28–34; Salkovskis, P. M., & Clark, D. M. (1993) Panic disorder and hypochondiasis. Adv. Res. Ther. 15, 23–48]. Furthermore it is expected, that somatoform patients perceive their muscle tension more intensely than do healthy subjects. Proprioceptive abilities were tested using a visual EMG biofeedback task. Resulting objective data and subjective ratings were analyzed within a psychophysiological regression approach which allows one to estimate the reliability, precision and intensity of proprioception. Results revealed that somatoform subjects demonstrated a more precise but not a more intense perception of muscle tension than did healthy controls. 相似文献
954.
In this article we discuss the notion of a linguistic universal, and possible sources of such invariant properties of natural
languages. In the first part, we explore the conceptual issues that arise. In the second part of the paper, we focus on the
explanatory potential of horizontal evolution. We particularly focus on two case studies, concerning Zipf’s Law and universal
properties of color terms, respectively. We show how computer simulations can be employed to study the large scale, emergent,
consequences of psychologically and psychologically motivated assumptions about the working of horizontal language transmission. 相似文献
955.
956.
Despite its widespread practice among primates writ large, social scientists have given mutual grooming among humans little
attention. This research provides an important first step in describing mutual grooming among humans. A scale was developed
to measure self-reported giving and receiving of grooming. In Study 1, 184 female and 94 male participants first indicated
their closest emotional relationship (for example, romantic partner, best friend, etcetera). They then completed the grooming
measure pertaining to that emotionally close target person. Finally, they completed indices of relationship trust, relationship
satisfaction, and parental/familial affection. Individuals who focused on their romantic partners (N = 134) reported more mutual grooming than individuals who focused on other types of relationships. Relationship satisfaction,
previous experience of familial affection, and trust were positively correlated with mutual grooming for romantically involved
individuals. Study 2 (N = 71 heterosexual couples) explored psychological correlates of mutual grooming within romantic dyads. Individuals with more
promiscuous attitudes and those who scored high on the anxiety subscale of an adult attachment style measure reported grooming
their partners most frequently. Findings were consistent with several proposed functions of grooming: (a) potential parental-investment
indicator, (b) developing trust, and (c) courtship/flirtation—all of which play roles in pair-bonding. At first glance, humans
may not appear to groom each other with the same fervor as other primates. However, we posit that humans are, in actuality,
groomers par excellence. 相似文献
957.
坚持科学发展观 促进中医药学现代化 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
尹光耀 《医学与哲学(人文社会医学版)》2007,28(2):66-67
中西医各有短长都不要无限夸大自身的优势。中西医互补整合是现代医学发展的潮流。学术争论不要政治化,科技管理要法制化,学者必须从浮华世态中醒悟过来,重建学者应有的人格和道德,纯洁科学的神圣殿堂。坚持科学发展观,中医药学才有长足的进步。 相似文献
958.
S Nassir Ghaemi Frederick K Goodwin 《Philosophy, ethics, and humanities in medicine : PEHM》2007,2(1):26
Objective
To assess the scientific and ethical basis for clinical innovation in psychopharmacology. 相似文献959.
960.
This study examined the effects of 4 subtypes of social support (tangible, affective, positive social interaction, and emotional/informational) and gender on the severity and duration of depressive symptoms within the general adult Canadian population. Data were collected from the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS; Statistics Canada, 2002 ). Upon meeting predetermined criteria, 6,316 participants were included in the study. The findings suggest that, overall, positive social interaction was significantly associated with decreases in depression severity; while emotional/informational support was significantly associated with increases in depression severity. Positive social interaction and emotional/informational support appeared to significantly decrease the duration of depression. Interesting gender differences also emerged among the 4 subtypes of social support. Implications of the findings are discussed. 相似文献