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991.
Mary Lynne Dittmar Joel S. Warm William N. Dember David F. Ricks 《The Journal of general psychology》2013,140(3):309-322
Female and male subjects monitored the repetitive presentation of a pair of lines for occasional changes in height (spatial task) or duration (temporal task). Perceptual sensitivity for critical signals favored men in the spatial task, whereas no sex differences in signal detectability existed in the temporal task. Measurements of perceived workload using the NASA-TLX scale mirrored these performance effects. Women tended to rate the overall workload associated with the spatial task to be greater in comparison with men. In addition, women found the spatial task to be significantly more frustrating, mentally demanding, and effortful than men did and rated their own performance lower than their male counterparts did. In contrast, no sex-linked differences in perceived workload were noted in regard to the temporal task. The results support the suggestion by Dittmar, Warm, and Dember (1987) that sex differences in sustained attention are task specific. 相似文献
992.
Jonathan P. Gluckman Joel S. Warm William N. Dember Roger R. Rosa 《The Journal of general psychology》2013,140(3):323-337
A recent report by the National Research Council (Huey & Wickens, 1993) has identified transitions in task demand as an important dimension for study in vigilance research. This experiment tested the possibility that the effects of such transitions follow a relatively simple psychophysical rule—they are characterized by contrast effects. Transitions in task demand were achieved by shifting subjects from single-task to dual-task monitoring and vice versa. These transitions produced changes in subjects' sensing and decision-making functions that were far more intricate than simple contrast effects. The demand transition issue offers a complex research challenge on both basic and applied levels and warrants further investigation. 相似文献
993.
William H. Burnham William H. Burnham Carl Murchison Carl Murchison Carl Murchison Carl Murchison 《The Journal of genetic psychology》2013,174(3):550-565
Abstract Identification of Book Reviewers for this Number. William H. Cole is Professor and Chairman of the Department of Biology in Clark Chris. Anfänge der Reifezeit. By William Stern. Leipzig, Quelle & Meyer. 1925, pp. 125. Mental Hygiene as Taught by Jesus. By Alexander B. MacLeod. New York, The Macmillan Company. 1925, pp. 138. The Nature of Intelligence and the Principles of Cognition. By Charles E. Spearman. London, Macmillan and Co., Ltd. 1923, pp. viii+358. Genetic Studies of Genius. By Lewis M. Terman et Al. California, Stanford University Press. 1925, pp. xv+648. Principles of Psychotherapy. By Dr. Pierre Janet. New York, The Macmillan Company. 1924, pp. viii+322. Chimpanzee Intelligence and its Vocal Expressions. by Robert M. Yerkes and Blanche W. Learned. Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins Company. 1925, pp. 157. Neurological Foundations of Animal Behavior. By C. Judson Herrick. New York, Henry Holt and Company. 1924, pp. xii+334. Physiological Foundations of Behavior. By Charles M. Child. New York, Henry Holt and Company. 1924, pp. v+330. The Field of Psychology. By Madison Bentley. New York, D. Appleton and Company, 1925. pp. xvi+545. Experience and Nature. By John Dewey. Chicago, Open Court Publishing Company. 1925, pp. xi+443. Abnormal Psychology and Education. By Frank Watts. New York, D. Appleton and Company. 1924, pp. xiv+220. Psychology for Child Training. By Arland D. Weeks. New York, D. Appleton and Company. 1925, pp. xi+312. Animals Looking Into the Future. By William A. Kepner. New York, The Macmillan Company. 1925, 197 pp. 相似文献
994.
William E. Walton 《The Journal of genetic psychology》2013,174(1):221-226
Gesell, A., Amatruda, C. S., Castner, B. M., &; Thompson, H. Biographies of Child Development. New York: Harper, 1939. Pp. 328.) Reviewed by Livingston Welch Muenzinger, K. F. Psychology: The Science of Behavior. Denver: World Press, 1940. Pp. XIII + 343.) Reviewed by Egon Brunswik 相似文献
995.
William H. Burnham 《The Journal of genetic psychology》2013,174(4):303-323
996.
997.
William E. Kelly 《The Journal of genetic psychology》2013,174(3):296-304
The author administered university students (N = 222; 152 women, 70 men) the Worry Domains Questionnaire (F. Tallis, G. C. L. Davey, & A. Bond, 1994) and a newly constructed scale (the Sleep Disturbance Ascribed to Worry Scale) to measure sleep disturbance attributed to worry. To revisit previous studies (i.e., E. Hartmann, F. Baekeland, & G. R. Zwilling, 1972; S. J. H. McCann & L. L. Stewin, 1988) that suggested that sleep length was positively related to worry, the author also asked the students a question about habitual sleep length. The results indicated that worry and sleep disturbance attributed to worry were negatively related to sleep length. A regression analysis revealed that worry was significantly negatively related to habitual sleep length irrespective of sleep disturbance ascribed to worry. 相似文献
998.
999.
William T. James 《The Journal of genetic psychology》2013,174(2):273-277
Previous research suggested that the experimenter variable in conservation assessment procedures has not been adequately studied. This experiment investigated the effect of sex of experimenter on length conservation responses in second-grade subjects under group testing procedures. Results of contingency table analysis of observed frequencies suggested that there are significantly more operational conservers under female test administration than under male test administration. Further analysis revealed no significant difference in the number of operational conservers for male and female Ss with either male or female examiners. The sex of experimenter variable does appear to be an important factor in conservation assessment at the lower elementary level. 相似文献
1000.
We study various axioms of discrete probabilistic choice, measuring how restrictive they are, both alone and in the presence of other axioms, given a specific class of prior distributions over a complete collection of finite choice probabilities. We do this by using Monte Carlo simulation to compute, for a range of prior distributions, probabilities that various simple and compound axioms hold. For example, the probability of the triangle inequality is usually many orders of magnitude higher than the probability of random utility. While neither the triangle inequality nor weak stochastic transitivity imply the other, the conditional probability that one holds given the other holds is greater than the marginal probability, for all priors in the class we consider. The reciprocal of the prior probability that an axiom holds is an upper bound on the Bayes factor in favor of a restricted model, in which the axiom holds, against an unrestricted model. The relatively high prior probability of the triangle inequality limits the degree of support that data from a single decision maker can provide in its favor. The much lower probability of random utility implies that the Bayes factor in favor of it can be much higher, for suitable data. 相似文献