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941.
N. H. Azrin R. R. Hutchinson R. D. Sallery 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》1964,7(3):223-228
Attack behavior was elicited from squirrel monkeys by externally applied electric shock. The shock elicited attack toward other monkeys, rats, and mice, as well as toward inanimate objects, such as a stuffed doll, and even a round ball. A method of quantifying the attack behavior was devised on the basis of the attack against inanimate objects. This method revealed that the duration and probability of attack was a direct function of the shock intensity. 相似文献
942.
Russell C. Leaf Stanley A. Muller 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》1964,7(6):405-407
The effect of CER on DRL 16 was studied in four rats. All Ss showed complete CER suppression after five CER trials, together with some unconditioned post-shock suppression. This post-shock suppression showed complete recovery in all Ss after 10 days of five CER trials per day, but complete CER suppression continued throughout. 相似文献
943.
Inducing behaviour change in adolescent delinquents 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Approximately forty delinquents were offered part-time jobs of talking into a tape recorder about anything they wished. A simple reinforcement procedure was initiated whereby attendance at work became dependable and prompt within twenty-five meetings. A three-year follow-up of the first twenty employees showed a significant reduction in the frequency and severity of crime when compared to a matched-pair control group. The use of referral and “treatment” procedures was minimal. 相似文献
944.
Murray Sidman John W. Mason Joseph V. Brady John Thach Jr. 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》1962,5(3):353-362
The rate at which monkeys pressed a lever and avoided shocks was manipulated in several ways. Measurements were also made of their plasma levels of 17-hydroxycorticosteroids. The rate at which the animals pressed the lever and the frequency with which they received shocks were both implicated as determiners of the steroid levels. 相似文献
945.
The quail, Coturnix coturnix, is small, gentle, hardy, adaptable, easy to house, and economical to maintain. Wetherbee and Jacobs (1960) call it the “Drosophila of the avian laboratory,” and yet this charming bird is virtually unknown to the psychological laboratory. Our preliminary investigations show that the pecking operant is readily conditioned and that little or no deprivation is necessary to maintain behavior with food as a reinforcer. Visual and temporal discriminations were very quickly made. Our observations suggest that the social behavior of these birds might be a fruitful area for psychological study. On the basis of our somewhat limited observations, we believe that C. coturnix should prove a useful experimental animal for comparative studies, for basic research in learning, motivation, and perhaps social behavior, and for teaching the analysis of behavior in demonstrations and laboratory courses. 相似文献
946.
Effects of chlorpromazine on appetitive and aversive components of a multiple schedule 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0 下载免费PDF全文
Marcus B. Waller Patricia F. Waller 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》1962,5(2):259-264
A multiple schedule having both an appetitive and an avoidance component was maintained in two dogs to create a complex behavioral base line for observing the effects of chlorpromazine. Both soluble and “Spansule” chlorpromazine generated similar functions relating drug dose to measures of behavioral output. Although the dose ranges and the drugging procedures differed markedly for the different preparations of CPZ, the functions generated were comparable. There was no evidence that chlorpromazine had a differential depressing effect as a function of type of reinforcement. At low doses, rates of responding on the food-reinforced components increased slightly, whereas rates on the avoidance components remained relatively unchanged. At higher doses, both components showed an approximately equal depression of responding. These results are discussed with reference to some of the logical and experimental difficulties inherent in making comparisons across components of a multiple schedule and across schedules in general. 相似文献
947.
In a wide variety of learning experiments, cumulated measures of performance turn out to be a power function of practice time or number trials, typically with an exponent between 1 and 2. The effects of various conditions on the course of learning can frequently be described in terms of the two constants of the function. 相似文献
948.
Arthur W. Staats Carolyn K. Staats Richard E. Schutz Montrose Wolf 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》1962,5(1):33-40
Six 4-year-old Ss were presented with a textual program consisting of 26 words arranged so the word stimuli were gradually combined into sentences and then short “stories.” Three Ss were given the No-Reinforcement condition first, and only social reinforcers were presented. They were switched to the Reinforcement condition as soon as they requested discontinuance of the activity. The other three Ss were given Reinforcement—No Reinforcement—Reinforcement treatments. The No-Reinforcement treatment in this case lasted until S requested discontinuance of the activity. The reinforcers were mixed edibles and trinkets, as well as tokens backed up by small plastic toys on a 1:24 ratio. The unit of response was the number of new texts acquired as a result of each of the 45-min experimental sessions. It was demonstrated that the program, procedure, and reinforcement conditions produced curves which are analogous to those produced in common operant-conditioning procedures. The results indicate that other operant principles may be studied in this significant area of human behavior, with important practical consequences. 相似文献
949.
Rosemary Pierrel J. Gilmour Sherman 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》1962,5(1):67-71
Three groups of four rats were trained on an auditory-intensity discrimination for 21 days. The SD-SΔ intensity difference for Group I was 10 db; for Group II, 20 db; and for Group III, 30 db. Following the initial discrimination training, the animals were tested for generalization of the bar-press response to seven novel SΔ's which were presented intermingled with the original SD and SΔ values. Conclusions: (1.) The amount of simple discrimination training required to obtain fairly stable differences in SD and SΔ responding is an inverse function of the magnitude of the stimulus difference between SD and SΔ. (2.) Generalization gradients obtained immediately following simple discrimination training exhibit a maximum displaced from SD in a direction also away from SΔ. (3.) Gradients obtained following continued exposure to the multivalued SΔ situation show a fairly stable maximum at the SD value. (4.) Although the gradients tend to fall off systematically on either side of the continuum as distance from SD is increased, they decrease most rapidly on the SΔ limb of the gradient. 相似文献
950.