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21.
Angular induction is the process by which one line segment can bias judgment of orientation and/or collinearity of another segment, and it has been established that the magnitude of error is a determinate function of the relative angle between the two. We examined how these known relationships are affected by decomposing the induction segment into an array of scattered points. The bias that was produced by such arrays was found to be consistent with a formal model of angular induction, with the strength of the effect decreasing as the scatter among the points was increased. This decline in strength was almost linear with a logarithmic transform of the dimensions of the stimulus array. We also evaluated the hypothesis that the induction stimulus is detected by one or more channels—for example, neurons—for which the sensitivity profiles are modeled as Gabor wavelets. The change in induction strength with increasing point scatter was not predicted by a single width of channel. However, the combined activity of an ensemble of channels that differed in width did match the perceptual effects if one also stipulated that each channel would respond maximally to a fine-line stimulus. 相似文献
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Carlos E. Alchourrón 《Studia Logica》1996,57(1):5-18
The purpose of the paper is to present a logical framework that allow to formalize a kind of prima facie duties, defeasible conditional duties, indefeasible conditional duties and actual (indefeasible) duties, as well as to show their logical interconnections. 相似文献
24.
The purpose of the present research was to propose and test a motivational process model of academic achievement. The model
posits that parental, teachers, and school administration support for students' autonomy positively influences students' perceived
school competence and autonomy. In turn, perceived school competence and autonomy affect positively self-determined school
motivation which in turn influences academic achievement. Two studies using a prospective design tested the adequacy of the
model. In Study I, participants were 1,623 ninth-grade students. Results from structural equation modeling supported the motivational
model. Participants in Study 2 were 1,098 tenth-grade students. Results from this study corroborated those of Study 1 controlling
for students' prior achievement in the ninth grade. The role of self-determinod school motivation in academic achievement
is discussed and avenues for future research are considered.
This research is part of a larger project that is being funded by grants from the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation; the
San Francisco Foundation; the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation; the Danforth Foundation; the Smart Foundations; the Pew Charitable
Trusts; the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation; the Annenberg Foundation; Spunk Fund, Inc.; the DeWitt Wallace-Reader's
Digest Fund, Inc.; Louise and Claude Rosenberg; and the Center for Substance Abuse Prevention, U.S. Department of Health and
Human Services. The views expressed in the paper are those of the authors and not necessarily of the funders. We are grateful
to the many educators, students, and colleagues who cooperated with us on this project and to several anonymous reviewers
who provided helpful suggestions. 相似文献
25.
Rev’d Ian StJohn Fisher Ph.D. 《Science and engineering ethics》1996,2(3):335-344
Religion, defined as ‘the idea of a state that transcends ourselves and our world and the working out of the consequences
of that idea’, may influence the ethical thinking of scientists and engineers in two ways. The first is at the level of the
individual and how personal beliefs affect the choice of research, design or development projects, relationships with other
researchers and the understandings of the consequences of research on other aspects of life. The second level is that of the
social and cultural setting in which scientists and engineers work; how society decides which research to sponsor, how to
apply the results of scientific discovery and which technology it chooses to develop and for what purposes. In neither of
these areas is religious belief a necessary condition for scientists and engineers to pursue one course of action rather than
another. The existence of religious belief within the individual and society is, though, part of the ethical framework in
which scientist and engineers work and therefore something to which attention should be paid. Religion provides a particular
perspective on what should be. Conversely science and technology provide information on the nature of the person and the universe
in which we live, which must be taken into account when theologians and religious moralists apply their ethical norms and
principles. 相似文献
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Todd Sharon Hoveid Marit Honerød Langmann Elisabet 《Studies in Philosophy and Education》2021,40(3):243-248
Studies in Philosophy and Education - This volume takes two different, albeit intertwined approaches. The first concerns a reformulation of aesthetics in education—one which highlights the... 相似文献
30.
Studies in East European Thought - This is a review of Julie Chajes, Recycled Lives: A History of Reincarnation in Blavatsky’s Theosophy, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2019. The book,... 相似文献