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81.
A follow-up study of girls with gender identity disorder 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This study provided information on the natural histories of 25 girls with gender identity disorder (GID). Standardized assessment data in childhood (mean age, 8.88 years; range, 3-12 years) and at follow-up (mean age, 23.24 years; range, 15-36 years) were used to evaluate gender identity and sexual orientation. At the assessment in childhood, 60% of the girls met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria for GID, and 40% were subthreshold for the diagnosis. At follow-up, 3 participants (12%) were judged to have GID or gender dysphoria. Regarding sexual orientation, 8 participants (32%) were classified as bisexual/homosexual in fantasy, and 6 (24%) were classified as bisexual/homosexual in behavior. The remaining participants were classified as either heterosexual or asexual. The rates of GID persistence and bisexual/homosexual sexual orientation were substantially higher than base rates in the general female population derived from epidemiological or survey studies. There was some evidence of a "dosage" effect, with girls who were more cross-sex typed in their childhood behavior more likely to be gender dysphoric at follow-up and more likely to have been classified as bisexual/homosexual in behavior (but not in fantasy). 相似文献
82.
Hussong AM Cai L Curran PJ Flora DB Chassin LA Zucker RA 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2008,36(3):335-346
We tested whether children show greater internalizing symptoms when their parents are actively abusing alcohol. In an integrative data analysis, we combined observations over ages 2 through 17 from two longitudinal studies of children of alcoholic parents and matched controls recruited from the community. Using a mixed modeling approach, we tested whether children showed elevated mother- and child-reported internalizing symptoms (a) at the same time that parents showed alcohol-related consequences (time-varying effects), (b) if parents showed greater alcohol-related consequences during the study period (proximal effects), and (c) if parents had a lifetime diagnosis of alcoholism that predated the study period (distal effects). No support for time-varying effects was found; proximal effects of mothers' alcohol-related consequences on child-reported internalizing symptoms were found and distal effects of mother and father alcoholism predicted greater internalizing symptoms among children of alcoholic parents. Implications for the time-embedded relations between parent alcoholism and children's internalizing symptoms are discussed. 相似文献
83.
Jennifer M. Jester Joel T. Nigg Leon I. Puttler Jeffrey C. Long Hiram E. Fitzgerald Robert A. Zucker 《Brain and cognition》2009
Relationships between parent and child executive functioning were examined, controlling for the critical potential confound of IQ, in a family study involving 434 children (130 girls and 304 boys) and 376 parents from 204 community recruited families at high risk for the development of substance use disorder. Structural equation modeling found evidence of separate executive functioning and intelligence (IQ) latent variables. Mother’s and father’s executive functioning were associated with child’s executive functioning (beta = 0.34 for father–child and 0.51 for mother–child), independently of parental IQ, which as expected was associated with child’s IQ (beta = 0.52 for father–child and 0.54 for mother–child). Familial correlations also showed a significant relationship of executive functioning between parents and offspring. These findings clarify that key elements of the executive functioning construct are reliably differentiable from IQ, and are transmitted in families. This work supports the utility of the construct of executive function in further study of the mechanisms and etiology of externalizing psychopathologies. 相似文献
84.
Martel MM Pierce L Nigg JT Jester JM Adams K Puttler LI Buu A Fitzgerald H Zucker RA 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2009,37(3):363-373
Temperament traits may increase risk for developmental psychopathology like Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
and disruptive behaviors during childhood, as well as predisposing to substance abuse during adolescence. In the current study,
a cascade model of trait pathways to adolescent substance abuse was examined. Component hypotheses were that (a) maladaptive
traits would increase risk for inattention/hyperactivity, (b) inattention/hyperactivity would increase risk for disruptive
behaviors, and (c) disruptive behaviors would lead to adolescent substance abuse. Participants were 674 children (486 boys)
from 321 families in an ongoing, longitudinal high risk study that began when children were 3 years old. Temperament traits
assessed were reactive control, resiliency, and negative emotionality, using examiner ratings on the California Q-Sort. Parent,
teacher, and self ratings of inattention/hyperactivity, disruptive behaviors, and substance abuse were also obtained. Low
levels of childhood reactive control, but not resiliency or negative emotionality, were associated with adolescent substance
abuse, mediated by disruptive behaviors. Using a cascade model, family risk for substance abuse was partially mediated by
reactive control, inattention/hyperactivity, and disruptive behavior. Some, but not all, temperament traits in childhood were
related to adolescent substance abuse; these effects were mediated via inattentive/hyperactive and disruptive behaviors.
This work was supported by NIAAA grant R01-AA12217 to Robert Zucker and Joel Nigg, NIAAA grant R37-AA07065 to Robert Zucker
and Hiram Fitzgerald, and NIMH grant R01-MH59105 to Joel Nigg. Martel was supported by 1 F31 MH075533-01A2. The authors thank
the participants and Susan Refior, the long term MLS Field Director, whose steadfast commitment and support have made this
study possible. 相似文献
85.
Discrimination has been conceptualized as a stressor that may be more negative than generic stress because it is tied to valued
and unchangeable social identities. As with other stressful events, the experience of sexism has been related to poorer mental
health and some physical health outcomes. This study of 179 female college students (79% of whom were White) showed that the
relation between perceived sexism and binge drinking and smoking was mediated by psychological distress. In addition, there
was a direct relation between sexism and smoking for weight control. Given the large toll that tobacco and excessive alcohol
use exact on the U.S. population, we suggest that policy makers aim to reduce discrimination as one method to improve overall
health. 相似文献
86.
The authors explore how Black and White women view three aspects of normative femininity, and whether self-rated femininity is related to feminism. Through telephone surveys, a nationally representative sample of women (N=1130) rated themselves on feminism and items derived from Collins' (2004) benchmarks of femininity: feminine appearance, traits, and traditional gender role ideology. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed both groups conceptualized femininity as including the same dimensions, although Black women rated themselves higher on items related to feminine appearance. Among White women, traditional gender ideology was negatively related to feminism; among Black women, wearing feminine clothes was positively related to feminism. Results are discussed in terms of possibilities for resistance to the hegemonic concept of femininity that both groups share. 相似文献
87.
Floyd FJ Cranford JA Daugherty MK Fitzgerald HE Zucker RA 《Journal of abnormal psychology》2006,115(1):121-130
The authors examined problem-solving marital interactions of alcoholic and nonalcoholic couples (N = 132). Four alcoholic groups (husband alcoholic with antisocial personality disorder or not, paired with alcoholic or nonalcoholic wives) were compared with each other and with a both-spouses-nonalcoholic group. Consistent with the alcoholic subtypes hypothesis, couples with an antisocial alcoholic husband had higher levels of hostile behavior regardless of wives' alcoholism status. In contrast, rates of positive behaviors and the ratio of positive to negative behaviors were greatest among couples in which either both or neither of the spouses had alcoholic diagnoses and were lowest among alcoholic husbands with nonalcoholic wives. Discussion focuses on possible mechanisms linking antisocial alcoholism and discrepant alcoholic diagnoses to poorer marital outcomes. 相似文献
88.
Zucker DJ 《The journal of pastoral care & counseling : JPCC》2005,59(1-2):141-143
89.
Meta-cognitive beliefs associated with pathological worry and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) may encompass the likelihood subtype of thought-action fusion (TAF), the belief that one's thoughts can influence outside events. In the current study of 494 undergraduate college students, positive correlations between scores on the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ) and the two Likelihood subscales of the TAF Scale were found, and participants endorsing at least some DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for GAD scored significantly higher on both TAF-Likelihood subscales than participants reporting no GAD symptoms. However, these TAF scales did not predict GAD diagnostic status with PSWQ included as a predictor. In contrast to previous research, the TAF-Moral scale did not correlate with worry. Relationships between TAF, pathological worry, and meta-cognition are discussed in relation to GAD. 相似文献
90.
The goal of this study was to investigate whether or not a brief educational intervention delivered prior to engaging in an anxiety-provoking task (writing a sentence about hoping that a friend/relative was in a car accident) would be effective in offsetting anxiety in college students with a strong propensity to endorse statements of thought action fusion (TAF). As hypothesized, individuals receiving the educational intervention were less anxious than a placebo intervention control group at post task; they were also less likely to endorse statements of TAF after receiving the educational intervention. Also, those who chose to neutralize after writing the sentence (regardless of experimental group) were more likely to report feeling guiltier, more immoral and a greater sense of responsibility about writing the sentence prior to neutralizing than those who did not subsequently neutralize. These results are discussed in relation to the cognitive theory of obsessive-compulsive disorder and implications for prevention programs. 相似文献