Children with autism spectrum disorder are more trusting than typically developing children

The current study examined whether children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) had an indiscriminate trust bias whereby they would believe any information provided by an unfamiliar adult with whom they had no interactive history. Young school-aged children with ASD and their age- and ability-matched typically developing (TD) peers participated in a simple hide-and-seek game. In the game, an experimenter with whom the children had no previous interactive history pointed to or left a marker on a box to indicate the whereabouts of a hidden reward. Results showed that although young school-aged ASD children did not blindly trust any information provided by the unfamiliar adult, they appeared to be more trusting in the adult informant than did their age- and ability-matched TD children.     

Workplace spirituality buffers the effects of emotional labour on employee well-being

This research examines how workplace spirituality buffers the detrimental relationship between emotional labour and subjective well-being among two samples of service workers in the United States and southern China. Drawing on conservation of resources theory, we found that the negative relationship between surface acting and subjective well-being was moderated by workplace spirituality. Specifically, employees with high spirituality were buffered from the harmful effects of surface acting on subjective well-being, whereas employees with low spirituality were not. We found no evidence of a moderating effect on the relationship between deep acting and subjective well-being. These findings shed light on individual differences that influence the emotional labour process and expand our knowledge of cross-cultural similarities and differences in emotion management.     

社会救助制度的道德风险及防范

道德风险普遍存在于社会生活的各个领域,社会救助制度的环境决定了社会救助制度道德风险的特殊性.社会救助制度的道德风险主要体现在救助依赖、"贫困陷阱"等方面.社会救助制度道德风险的规避策略包括:构建合理的社会救助责任主体的关系;强化社会救助的激励和约束机制;降低社会救助参与各方的信息不时称程度;坚持政府责任与个体责任的统一,实现社会救助制度中个体德性与制度正义的伦理生态.     

生态女性主义视域下中国古代神话的伦理解读

生态女性主义是女性主义与生态主义思想结合下产生的,它强调女性必须和自然结成同盟,在解放女性的同时解放所有生命。中国古代神话中,女神与自然世界关系密切,从生态女性主义的视域回溯中国神话中的生态智慧,可以丰富生态女性主义理论,为人类与自然的和谐发展乃至最终解放提供启迪。     

四岁儿童的自我参照效应研究

本研究通过两个实验探讨4岁儿童的自我参照效应。实验1与实验2分别采用3(4岁、5岁与7岁儿童)×2(自我参照与他人参照)与2(3岁与4岁儿童)×2(自我参照与他人参照)的混合设计。120名被试对物品进行所有权(ownership)识别并报告"这是我的××"或"这是李明的××",然后将图片放入相应的纸盒并再次报告,两分钟后进行自由回忆。结果显示:(1)自我参照条件下4岁组、5岁组与7岁组儿童自由回忆率有显著差异,他人参照条件下没有差异;(2)自我参照条件下4岁组儿童的自由回忆率显著高于3岁组,他人参照条件下没有差异。这说明,4岁儿童已经具有自我参照效应,同时,随着年龄的增长,自我参照条件下的自由回忆率呈现递增趋势,表明儿童自我参照效应的发展性特点。     

触动觉对词汇学习和回忆的作用

本研究通过两个实验采用单因素被试内设计研究了触动觉对无意义词汇学习和回忆的作用。自变量设置了3 个水平,视觉学习—视觉回忆(水平1),视觉触动觉结合学习—视觉回忆(水平2),视觉触动觉结合学习—视觉触动觉结合回忆(水平3)。结果表明,在即时回忆条件下,触动觉对3字符词汇的学习和回忆都没有明显的促进作用。但是对5 字符词汇而言,在学习过程中,加入触动觉会明显提高学习成绩;在回忆过程中加不加触动觉对成绩影响不大。     

现代科学技术对大肠癌微转移诊断的推进作用及启示

大肠癌是最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,转移和复发依然是影响大肠癌患者预后的重要因素,肿瘤细胞在血液、骨髓及淋巴结中的微转移是肿瘤转移和复发的基础;随着现代科学技术的发展,出现了通过逆转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)来检测细胞角蛋白20(CK20)mRNA的表达,从而诊断大肠癌微转移的高度敏感与特异的方法,并引发了关于如何看待事物、认识事物及如何科学思维的几点思考.     

3～5岁儿童独立性结构的验证性因素分析

独立性包括自我依靠、自我控制和自我主张。编制110个项目的儿童独立性问卷,进行项目筛选,保留47个项目。用47项目问卷,用另一样本验证性因素分析,用最大似然法,Amos修正,保留20个项目。再用另外两个样本验证问卷的合理性。多样本验证性因素分析结果支持了3～5岁儿童独立性包括自我依靠、自我控制和自我主张三维度的理论建构。     

内隐刻板印象研究方法进展

刻板印象的研究一直都是社会认知的重要组成部分,本文简要概述了刻板印象研究方法的进展,着重介绍了加工分离程序,基于反应时的范式,以及刻板印象解释偏差(SEB),并对今后认知神经科学研究进行了简述。