从年级、元理解策略指数看小学生阅读说明性文本的理解监控策略

该研究旨在了解年级、元理解策略指数,理解监控策略,对阅读理解的成绩的影响。研究表明年级高,元理解策略指数高的学生多采用全局语境的监控策略,成绩较好;年级低,元理解策略指数低的学生多采用局部语境的监控策略,成绩较差。     

From Functional Efficiency to Temporal Efficiency: Multifunctional Products Increase Consumer Impatience

Multifunctional products are ubiquitous in consumers' daily lives. However, scant research has examined whether and how the presence of multifunctional products systematically alters consumer behavior beyond product evaluations and adoption. Across four experiments and three supplementary studies, the authors identify a multifunction-impatience effect. They show that after exposure to multifunctional (vs. single-function) products, consumers are more likely to choose a smaller but sooner (vs. a larger but later) reward (Study 1), report more impatience when waiting for the web search results to load and perceive the loading time as longer (Study 2), and are willing to pay more for expedited shipping (Study 3). The authors further show that the effects occur because multifunctional products activate an efficiency goal among consumers, which renders them less patient (studies 2 and 3). In addition to the regular, “sequential” multifunctional products for which each of the functions has a specific usage situation, the proposed effect also applies to “simultaneous” multifunctional products whose functions operate simultaneously during consumption (Study 4). Taken together, this research broadens the scholarly understanding of the effects of multifunctional products from consumers' responses to these products to the unintended impact of such products on consumer impatience.     

实验性恶心与呕吐——大脑皮层与内脏相关研究的新途径

大脑皮层与内脏关系的脑机制是揭示心身疾病和心理疾病的重要依据。本文综述了经典条件学习与期待性恶心与呕吐的关系以及实验性恶心与呕吐的研究方法。作者认为,实验性恶心与呕吐结合脑成像技术是研究大脑皮层与内脏关系神经机制的重要途径。     

How Do Employees Construe Their Career Success: An improved measure of subjective career success

Subjective career success has long been of interest to scholars because of its importance in the career area. However, the subjective career success literature suffers from the lack of measurement. To fill this void, after reviewing the limitations of the existing instruments, the current study developed a three‐dimensional scale of subjective career success based on the framework of Zhou et al. Three independent studies were conducted using three separate samples (N = 244; N = 411; N = 254) in China to examine the reliability and validity of the developmental scale. The results provided evidence of internal homogeneity, structural validity, convergent validity, discriminant validity, and incremental validity of the developed scale. To conclude the study, the limitations of the article and implications for future study were discussed.     

患者的诊治期望值与医患矛盾的关系研究

从患者视角来探索医患矛盾发生的原因,寻找一种有效的医患沟通方法。研究认为医患矛盾的核心问题是患者对诊治期望值的不满意,通过构建以患者诊治期望值为主体的医患沟通方法,发现医生和患者之间对诊治期望值存在明显差异。医生通过对医患之间存在的差异性诊治期望值进行充分沟通,形成医患诊治期望值差异下的共识,建立互信合作的关系,最终实现医患互惠共赢。以患者诊治期望值为主体的医患沟通方法,为避免医患矛盾发生,促进和谐医患关系提供一种新的思路。

     

新型冠状病毒肺炎定点医院医护人员心理状况调查分析

为了解定点收治新型冠状病毒肺炎患者的医院中医护人员心理状况,从而针对性地进行心理护理,采用便利抽样法,应用《医护人员心理健康调查表》对3所定点收治新型冠状病毒肺炎患者的医院中1 266名医护人员进行问卷调查。结果显示,定点医院医护人员中,27.5%存在抑郁,26.3%存在焦虑,26.0%存在孤独。女性、已婚、传染科、发热门诊、监护室相比男性、未婚、普通门诊更容易抑郁;传染科、监护室相比普通门诊更容易焦虑。因此,医院应加强对这类群体的心理疏导和人文关怀,以减轻心理压力,提高工作效率。     

从古今医学观论昼寝与身心健康

昼寝,最早出自于《论语》的“宰予昼寝”,谓当昼而寐,即意为日间小憩。中医学非常肯定睡眠的作用, 昼寝的传统中医理论包括阴阳睡眠学说、营卫睡眠学说和神主睡眠学说。结合目前的研究证据从心理和生理两方面概述了昼寝对人体健康的影响。昼寝在心理层面能改善主观的困倦和疲劳程度,还能改善认知能力和记忆能力,提高注意力、警觉性。在生理层面,昼寝与否及昼寝时长与一些心脑血管疾病、内分泌疾病、呼吸系统疾病患病风险密切相关。研究发现昼寝对人体健康的影响存在两面性,应根据身体状态、作息习惯等因人制宜。

     

Effect of aspect ratio on the compressive deformation and fracture behaviour of Zr-based bulk metallic glass

The compressive deformation and fracture features of Zr₅₉Cu₂₀Al₁₀Ni₈Ti₃ bulk metallic glassy samples with aspect ratios in the range of 0.67–2.00 have been investigated. The compressive plastic strain of the glass monotonically increases with decreasing aspect ratio, but the maximum strength almost maintains a constant value of 1.77–1.88?GPa. All the compressive shear-band angles are equal to?～40° if modified by the rotation of the primary shear bands.     

Impulsivity Moderates Promotive Environmental Influences on Adolescent Delinquency: A Comparison Across Family, School, and Neighborhood Contexts

The present study examined moderating effects of impulsivity on the relationships between promotive factors from family (family warmth, parental knowledge), school (school connectedness), and neighborhood (neighborhood cohesion) contexts with delinquency using data collected from N?=?2,978 sixth to eighth graders from 16 schools surrounding a major city in the Midwestern United States. More than half of the respondents were non-Caucasian (M _age ?=?12.48; 41.0 % male). Multilevel modeling analyses were conducted to take into account the clustering of the participants within schools. Impulsivity was positively associated with adolescent delinquency. Additionally, family warmth, parental knowledge, and school connectedness, but not neighborhood cohesion, were independently and inversely related to adolescent delinquency. Finally, impulsivity moderated relationships between family warmth and parental knowledge with delinquency but not relationships between school attachment and neighborhood cohesion with delinquency. Specifically, the negative relationship between family warmth and delinquency was significant for adolescents with high levels of, but not for those with below-average levels of, impulsivity. In addition, parental knowledge had a stronger association with decreased levels of delinquency for adolescents reporting higher levels of impulsivity. The moderating effects of impulsivity did not differ for males and females or for minority and non-minority participants. Findings indicate that impulsivity may have greater impact on adolescents’ susceptibility to positive family influences than on their susceptibility to promotive factors from school or neighborhood contexts. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.     

Influence of Hostile Media Perception on Willingness to Engage in Discursive Activities: An Examination of Mediating Role of Media Indignation

This study examines the mediating role of media indignation, a set of negative emotional reactions to media coverage perceived to have partisan bias, between hostile media perception (HMP) and its consequences in behavioral willingness, more specifically, willingness to engage in discursive activities. It is examined together with a cognitive pathway through individuals' inference on opinion climate. Data from a web-based survey of university students (N = 696) on three controversial issues were analyzed. Findings showed that the degree of perceived partisan bias in mainstream media coverage on an issue was positively related to the intensity of media indignation and levels of incongruity between one's own opinion and perceived majority opinion. Media indignation in turn had a significant and positive effect on willingness to engage in discursive activities across all three issues, mediating the effect of HMP on behavioral willingness, whereas self-majority opinion incongruity did not. Theoretical implications of the findings are discussed.