论康德对“唯心论”的驳斥

笛卡尔式的唯心论怀疑外部对象的存在,贝克莱式的唯心论否认外部对象的存在。康德从其先验唯心论的立场出发,认为外部对象只是一种显象,并在证明外部显象的现实性的基础上驳斥了唯心论。康德在《纯粹理性批判》的两版中对唯心论的驳斥是一致的。如果从康德自身的立场来看,这一驳斥也是可以成立的。     

道家人格美到道教“仙格”美的嬗变--《河上公章句》与《想尔注》美学思想综论之一

先秦道家美学人格论转变为魏晋道教“神仙”美学思想，其间最具代表性的文献是《老子河上公章句》和《老子想尔注》，它们在人(仙)格美的内在与外在、凡人仙人人格对比、神仙审美心理、道家道教人格修炼与艺术美之关系等四个方面，展示了道教美学人格思想的嬗变过程，再次证明了先秦道家美学思想与后世道教美学思想之间的亲缘关系，也证明道教美学思想丰富的民族文化底蕴。     

论价值规范

价值规范既是社会生活意义与秩序的表现形式，又是社会资源控制和利益分配的约束条件。当它从古代习俗走向现代国家意识形态时，它自身不仅成为了公共利益的抽象符号，而且还成为了个体自我认识的知识形式。作为一种社会化的公共实践话语，它日益同国家权力和技术系统相结合，并渗透在系统整合的诸多方面，由此便引出值得思考的问题。     

论戈德曼社会认识论的求真性价值

求真性价值论是戈德曼分析性认识论的核心理论.求真性价值分为基本性求真价值和工具性求真价值.对应于基本求真性价值有相信、拒绝和不作判断三种立场,对应于工具性求真性价值则是信念程度图式.戈德曼的求真性价值论在三个方面受到质疑与批判:真理定位与兴趣定位的相互冲突,求真性价值分析模式与明证性原则的对立,求真性价值与信念程度的关系问题.批评者认为应纳入标准化价值模式与其配合使用.戈德曼对此做出不同程度地回应.本文最后探讨了走出戈德曼理论困境的可能出路.     

Young Chinese children's beliefs about the implications of subtypes of social withdrawal: A first look at social avoidance

The goal of this study was to examine young Chinese children's beliefs about the implications of different subtypes of social withdrawal (e.g., shyness, unsociability), including for the first time, social avoidance. Participants were 133 children in kindergarten (n = 58, M_age = 70.85 months) and grade 1 (n = 75, M_age = 83.49 months). Children were presented with vignettes describing hypothetical peers displaying shy, unsociable, avoidant, and socially competent behaviours and were then asked a series of questions to assess their beliefs about the implications of these different behaviours. Young children made distinctions between social withdrawal subtypes in terms of underlying motivations and emotions. Children also appeared to hold differential beliefs about the implications of different forms of social withdrawal: Of note, they anticipated that socially avoidant peers would experience the most negative outcomes. These findings provide some of the first evidence to suggest that social avoidance represents a distinct form of social withdrawal among young Chinese children. Results are discussed in terms of the importance of distinguishing between different subtypes of social withdrawal in Chinese culture.