消费者如何看待和评价融合产品?——基于融合产品特征和消费者个体特征的分析

融合产品是将不同品类的功能整合到一个平台上的产品形态,如智能手机等.电子科技的进步和消费者需求的拉动促使产品的融合不断成熟,逐渐成为高科技产品的主流.面对令人眼花缭乱的融合产品,消费者将如何进行评价？文章通过对融合产品领域文献的回顾和梳理,从融合产品的产品特征、消费者的个体特征两大方面深入细致地探讨了消费者对融合产品的评价机制及影响因素,整合了基础产品的特征、新增功能的特征、基础产品与新增功能之间的关系、消费者先前拥有的经历、消费者所花费的认知资源、消费者的心理解释水平等相关变量,最终提出了一个包含11个命题的全新的理论分析框架,为未来深入探讨该领域相关的问题提供了可借鉴的理论依据.     

时序知觉中词义和位置的stroop效应

本文目的在于探讨时序知觉中是否存在词义与位置Stroop效应。通过时序知觉判断任务,使用中文汉字“先-后”刺激材料,让被试做出时序判断。对反应时的结果显示空间方位、词义位置的匹配关系和时间间隔均存在主效应,空间方位和词义位置匹配关系、空间方位和时间间隔、词义位置匹配关系和时间间隔均存在交互作用。上述结果提示人脑在时序知觉判断过程中存在词义和位置的Stroop效应,该效应可能与时序知觉加工机制有关。     

Marital Liberalization in Relation to Life Satisfaction

Applied Research in Quality of Life - Marital liberalization in terms of public support for polygamous, underage or child, and consanguineous or close-kin marriages emerges to be controversial and...     

Reevaluating the role of the medial prefrontal cortex in delay eyeblink conditioning

It has been proposed that the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is not necessary for delay eyeblink conditioning (DEC). Here, we investigated the involvement of the mPFC in DEC with a soft or loud tone as the conditioned stimulus (CS) by using electrolytic lesions or muscimol inactivation of guinea pig mPFC. Interestingly, when a soft tone was used as a CS, electrolytic lesions of the mPFC significantly retarded acquisition of the conditioned response (CR), and muscimol infusions into mPFC distinctly inhibited the acquisition and expression of CR, but had no significant effect on consolidation of well-learned CR. In contrast, both electrolytic lesions and muscimol inactivation of mPFC produced no significant deficits in the CR when a loud tone was used as the CS, or in the unconditioned response (UR) when a soft or loud tone was used as the CS. These results demonstrate that the mPFC is essential for the DEC with the soft tone CS but not for the DEC with the loud tone CS.     

Affective state influences perception by affecting decision parameters underlying bias and sensitivity

Studies of the effect of affect on perception often show consistent directional effects of a person's affective state on perception. Unpleasant emotions have been associated with a "locally focused" style of stimulus evaluation, and positive emotions with a "globally focused" style. Typically, however, studies of affect and perception have not been conducted under the conditions of perceptual uncertainty and behavioral risk inherent to perceptual judgments outside the laboratory. We investigated the influence of perceivers' experienced affect (valence and arousal) on the utility of social threat perception by combining signal detection theory and behavioral economics. We compared 3 perceptual decision environments that systematically differed with respect to factors that underlie uncertainty and risk: the base rate of threat, the costs of incorrect identification threat, and the perceptual similarity of threats and nonthreats. We found that no single affective state yielded the best performance on the threat perception task across the 3 environments. Unpleasant valence promoted calibration of response bias to base rate and costs, high arousal promoted calibration of perceptual sensitivity to perceptual similarity, and low arousal was associated with an optimal adjustment of bias to sensitivity. However, the strength of these associations was conditional upon the difficulty of attaining optimal bias and high sensitivity, such that the effect of the perceiver's affective state on perception differed with the cause and/or level of uncertainty and risk.     

Ends Over Means: Self-Affirmation Strengthens Attitudinal and Weakens Perceived Control Effects on Behavioral Intention

ABSTRACT

Self-affirmation research suggests that allowing people to affirm important values can improve acceptance of health messages. However, how self-affirmation improves message acceptance is not fully understood. Integrating construal level theory and reasoned action theory, this research tested two hypotheses: first, self-affirmation affects the abstractness of how people construe behavioral choices, and second, self-affirmation influences the associations between intention and its key determinants. Data were obtained from two studies on sunscreen use and flossing (n = 123 college students, and n = 294 adults). Our findings confirmed that self-affirmation induced abstract, high level construals of behaviors in terms of ends rather than means, and that self-affirmation strengthened the impact of attitude on intention and weakened the impact of perceived control.     

从自我意识到阶级意识——论马克思主义阶级理论中的意识转化

阶级意识是自我意识的变异形态.马克思主义的阶级理论认为从自我意识到阶级意识的转化是一个有觉悟的进步.但实现这个进步需要付出的代价是否能为现代社会所承受,是一个巨大的疑问.这个疑问也是隐藏在文章中的核心问题.全文基于对马克思主义阶级理论框架的剖析,从阐释自我意识与阶级意识的本质区别出发,通过分析利益、组织、成员身份这三个意识转化过程中的转捩点,凸显了人们的认知能力与认知权利在社会冲突中所扮演的关键角色.     

人类增强技术的发展与人性的论争

对于科技的发展,不能非此即彼,采取极端的态度,而是应该采用审视和适应的态度来面对,应理性地分析科技所带来的危险与拯救的共存现象。因而对于人类增强技术的争议不是“会不会”的事实判断,而是“应不应该”的伦理价值表述。现代技术危机的实质并不是技术本身的危机,而是价值危机和伦理危机。因而需要建立具有建设性的讨论机制,其决策必须由有责任感的、谨慎对待利益和风险的、尊重自主权和个人权利的、关注所有人利益和尊严的道德眼光来引导,必须关注子孙后代的利益,且需要承担相应的道德责任。

     

医学期刊载文的伦理学审查情况分析——以《中国学校卫生》为例

通过查阅《中国学校卫生》近5年纸质期刊,查看文章“对象与方法”中有无“知情同意”或“获得伦理学审查”等信息。结果显示,获得伦理学审查或知情同意的文章884篇,各年份获得伦理学审查、知情同意及总体检出率差异均有统计学意义(χ²=366.29,43.58,219.83,P<0.01)。各年份获得伦理学审查、知情同意的心理学研究及总体检出率(χ²=107.55,16.80,58.66);获得伦理学审查的干预性研究及总体检出率(χ²=44.40,18.46);获得伦理学审查的涉及生物样本的研究检出率(χ²=17.47),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。今后应不断加强引导和教育,加强科研人员及编辑的伦理意识。     

预立医疗照护计划在重症医学科中的应用研究进展

基于目前我国医疗压力较大,过度治疗现象突出等问题,站在现代医学观念和辩证思维角度来思考如何合理且有效地利用现有的医疗资源,减少不必要且增加患者痛苦的治疗,减轻患者家庭负担,让患者有尊严地离开。同时,借鉴国外经验结合我国文化背景对预立医疗照护计划的可行性和必要性进行阐述,对国内外预立医疗照护计划实施的现状进行对比,并分析国内外预立医疗照护计划实施差异的原因,提出针对性的措施,以期为我国重症医学科推行预立医疗照护计划提供建议,促进安宁疗护的进一步发展。