《缪和》《昭力》与孔子易教

马王堆帛书《缪和》《昭力》中的"子"即是孔子,其中蕴涵着大量孔子易教思想,这些思想可以和其他古籍中所见孔子思想相互印证而又富新意。孔子晚而好《易》,不仅出于个人宗教情感之需要,更主要的是他对易之教化作用的阐扬。挖掘这两篇中的孔子易教思想不仅可以推动帛书《易传》的进一步研究,更可以深化对孔子思想的认识。     

关于古代术数中内算与外算易位问题的探讨

在古代,传统术数(也称数术)中的内算与外算是一个整体。在两千多年的历史时期中,从教育史、从业者的身份认同与知识结构,以及史籍对二者的记载和二者在数术整体功能中的权重等方面来看,"外算"是以"内算"的婢女身份出现的。从《四库全书》起,这一观念发生改变,而在阮元等人所编《畴人传》中,内算与外算之关系发生了易位。通过对晚明前清中西术数、中西文化会通的考察而发现,这一易位有其必然性。但是从人类文化的未来发展来看,二者关系及各自前景值得深入思考。     

制度公正与德福统一

制度公正就是使每个人的正当权利和义务能够得到保障的制度规范体系.德福背离现象存在的主要根源是制度问题或者体制问题.德福统一是评价社会制度是否公正的主要标准之一.制度公正的基本功能是抑恶扬善,有效调节人的善恶行为,最终实现德福统一的理想目标.     

Contrasting off-line segmentation decisions with on-line word segmentation during reading

In two experiments, we investigated the correspondences between off-line word segmentation and on-line segmentation processing during Chinese reading. In Experiment 1, participants were asked to read sentences which contained critical four-character strings, and then, they were required to segment the same sentences into words in a later off-line word segmentation task. For each item, participants were split into 1-word segmenters (who segmented four-character strings as a single word) and 2-word segmenters (who segmented four-character strings as 2 two-character words). Thus, we split participants into two groups (1-word segmenters and 2-word segmenters) according to their off-line segmentation bias. The data analysis showed no reliable group effect on all the measures. In order to avoid the heterogeneity of participants and stimuli in Experiment 1, two groups of participants (1-word segmenters and 2-word segmenters) and three types of critical four-character string (1-word strings, ambiguous strings, and 2-word strings) were identified in a norming study in Experiment 2. Participants were required to read sentences containing these critical strings. There was no reliable group effect in Experiment 2, as was the case in Experiment 1. However, in Experiment 2, participants spent less time and made fewer fixations on 1-word strings compared to ambiguous and 2-word strings. These results indicate that the off-line word segmentation preferences do not necessarily reflect on-line word segmentation processing during Chinese reading and that Chinese readers exhibit flexibility such that word, or multiple constituent, segmentation commitments are made on-line.     

基于客体的一致性效应的产生机制

采用具有不同深度信息的剪影和图片刺激为材料,要求被试完成形状判断任务,探究基于客体的一致性效应的产生机制。实验1中客体刺激呈现于屏幕中央位置;实验2进一步增强了刺激空间呈现的左右位置倾向;实验3则通过交叉手的范式分离了反应位置和反应手不同的编码对一致性效应的作用。结果发现:当刺激不存在显著的左右位置信息时,剪影刺激出现了一致性效应,图片则没有;而当刺激的空间位置信息显著时,剪影和图片均出现了一致性效应,这一效应在反应位置和反应手编码分离后仍然存在。因此得出结论:空间位置编码假说对解释基于客体的一致性效应的产生有重要作用。