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This study identifies the family life education needs of minimally and mildly mentally disabled adolescents as a basis for curriculum development. Respondents were 134 students from 11 school districts in a midwestern state. Through the administration of 50 needs statements, they were asked to indicate the magnitude of need and the extent to which the need was being met. Special education teachers were allowed to assist in reading or interpreting the directions and needs statements. Priority need statements--those with a high need score which were not being met--are related to the decision to parent, careers and work, marriage and parenthood, decision making and goal setting, and resource management. Six clusters or groups of family life education needs were identified: Basic Nutrition, Teenage Pregnancy, Sex Education, Developmental Tasks of Adolescents, Marriage and Parenthood, and Planning and Decision Making. Females reported significantly greater need for information on nutrition, teenage pregnancy, and marriage and parenthood. 相似文献
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TREVOR ARCHER TORBJÖRN U. C. JÄRBE ABDUL K. MOHAMMED GONA PRIEDITE 《Scandinavian journal of psychology》1985,26(1):158-169
The present investigation was designed to study the effect of preexposure to a saccharin plus noisy bottle stimulus compound, or to each element by itself, upon the extinction-dependent "context effects" (due to the presencelabsence of the noisy bottle contextual cue) in taste-aversion learning, following noradrenaline (NA) depletion via a single systemic DSP4 injection. Since contextual manipulations have provided a reliable means of studying selective attentional processes the current theorising on the role of noradrenaline can be effectively accommodated. It was found that, under the No Preexposure and Noisy Bottle Preexposure conditions, the "context effect" during the saccharin preference tests, after reinstatement of the noisy bottles for all groups, was totally absent for the NA-depleted rats; in the Saccharin plus Noisy Bottle Preexposure condition the "context effect" was partially blocked for the NA depleted rats and in the Saccharin Preexposure condition it was at least as strong as in the control condition, These findings may be interpreted as supporting our conclusions, concerning NA-depleted rats derived from several different investigations, i.e. that following NA loss rats fail to attend sufficiently to contextual cues in taste-neophobia and taste-aversion situations. Thus, the attentional deficit may be described as an inability to attend to all aspects of the taste stimulus plus exteroceptive context stimulus compound. Although the selective attentional hypothesis of noradrenaline function requires a good deal of alteration, it remains the most parsimonious account that can be described at present. 相似文献
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The short- and long-term (5 years later) effects of parental marital disruption on the psychological adjustment of children were examined. A representative community sample of urban families (N = 1,034) in which 25-50% had experienced marital disruption constituted the sample. The effect of the presence and type of father figure in the home on children's adjustment, controlling for ethnic group and social class, was evaluated with respect to measures of psychological symptomatology (based on mother's report). Significant effects of the father figure variable on the dimensions measuring Noncompulsivity and Delinquency were found at both time periods. Children with natural fathers showed the least pathology on the Delinquency factor and those with surrogate fathers demonstrated the most disordered behavior on the Noncompulsivity factor. These findings complement previous research showing stability of antisocial behavior over time. Implications for preventive interventions and future research are discussed. 相似文献
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Mating-induced inhibition of receptivity in the female golden hamster. I. Short-term and long-term effects 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Female golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) which have actively terminated mating with one male will respond in succession to two or more novel males. However, mating with the first male results in a reduction in receptivity shown toward a second male, with the size of the decrease being proportional to the amount of copulatory stimuli provided by the first male. Furthermore, the decreased receptivity shown toward the second male results in his achieving fewer ejaculations. These effects are more pronounced when the second mating occurs 5 min or 8 h after the first mating than when it occurs 1 or 4 h later, suggesting both short-term and long-term inhibitory effects. Copulation with a single male also effects a 40% shortening of behavioral receptivity. In a promiscuous species such as the hamster, prolonged copulation by the male may enhance the short-term inhibition of female receptivity, thereby reducing the risk of subsequent sperm displacement. The long-term effect occurs too late to affect sperm competition and may, instead, function to reduce the risk of predation as a result of unnecessary further mating. 相似文献
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‘Simon’ and ‘recoding’ affects refer to interference by irrelevant spatial stimulus positions on the efficiency of responding to a stimulus. According to the Simon effect faster response times occur if the irrelevant stimulus position is compatible with the response position. Slower response times occur if stimulus and response positions are incompatible. The recoding effect is a reversed Simon effect, which occurs if the response assignment of the relevant stimuli is reversed, e.g., a red response button to a green stimulus and a green response button to a red stimulus. For this reversed response assignment response times are faster if stimulus and response positions are incompatible, and slower if stimulus and response positions are compatible. In this study the generality of the recoding effect in spatial interference tasks is investigated by using, first, spatial stimuli with directional attributes, second, verbal stimuli with a directional meaning, and, third, geometric figures without directional information. In all cases Simon effects as well as recoding effects were obtained. According to these results recoding does not presuppose a directional symbolic or verbal stimulus code, and the relation between the stimulus and the spatial response may be either direct, symbolic or arbitrary. Whether recoding or a Simon effect will occur depends on a late response decision stage in which the response code derived from the stimulus is either inverted (recoding effect) or not (Simon effect). 相似文献
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