预期背离下奖励与惩罚的ERPs研究

采用Flanker范式,通过事件相关电位(ERPs)技术,探讨预期背离情境下的脑电反应及与敏感性个体的关系。选取17名被试,采取2×2组内设计刺激类型（奖励vs.惩罚）和预期受挫（是vs.否）;结果表明（1）预期受挫情境引发更高的FRN;（2）惩罚刺激引发更高的FRN,奖励刺激引发更高的P3;（3）惩罚敏感与惩罚、无奖励情境引发FRN相关。本实验结果表明（1）FRN既反应对反馈效价的加工,也可能是预期背离的一种表现;（2）无奖励刺激受惩罚系统调节;无惩罚刺激受奖励系统调节。     

Bodily Violence,Agency, and Animals

Ethical theories in the Kantian tradition tend to centre heavily on rational agency, so it may appear challenging for such theories to account for the wrongness of bodily violence, especially the wrongness of bodily violence to animals who lack rationality. This article develops a Kantian explanation for the pro tanto wrongness of killing or injuring animals who have agency and lack rationality, based on a Kantian explanation for the pro tanto wrongness of killing or injuring people. Even though morality is grounded in the will of rational agents or the value of rational agency, one does not have to be a rational agent to be morally considerable.     

Attentional bias toward waiting time information among individuals with high and low trait self-control when making intertemporal choices

ABSTRACT

The present study aimed to explore whether the modulation effects of attentional biases toward time information representing immediate rewards and delayed rewards differ between individuals with high and low trait self-control. Forty participants with high trait self-control and 40 with low trait self-control were selected based on their responses to the Chinese version of the self-control scale, and they were asked to complete an intertemporal choice task and dot probe task first and then a cue-target task a week later. The results showed that the participants with low trait self-control were more likely to choose immediate rewards than participants with high trait self-control. Furthermore, facilitated attention and difficulty in attention disengagement toward present-related words were found among participants with low trait self-control with higher frequency than among those with high trait self-control. Finally, facilitated attention toward present-related words moderated the indifference points among the participants with low trait self-control.     

试析制约扬州城市现代化的主观因素

扬州城市现代化缓慢的原因包括主客观两方面,本文从主观方面入手,分析了制约扬州城市现代化缓慢的四个关键因素,它们是畸形消费形态、政府权力运作对现代化进程的“否定”、绅商阶层陈旧的保守意识和扬州人的“虚子”心态所带来的负面影响等。     

12个月中国婴儿熟悉词表征中声调的语义特性

12个月婴儿能否表征母语的音位语义特性(phonological specificity)是资源有限理论和表征不连续理论争议的焦点。本研究通过跨通道注视偏好范式(IPLP),对熟悉词进行正确命名和声调错读2种任务,发现不论任务以何种先后顺序呈现,12个月中国婴儿都在正确命名时出现命名效应,在声调错读时出现错读效应。这表明12个月中国婴儿能表征普通话声调的语义特性,资源有限理论适用于声调。     

临水夫人与妈祖信仰关系新探

临水夫人与妈祖,是福建乃至海内外都具有重要影响的两位女神。从当代信仰情况看,她们从神格、社会功能及地位影响都有较大差异,但是从历史文献及当代大量民祀情况分析,两位女神原属同一神班,妈祖即是"陈林李三夫人"中的林九娘。出于政治需要与社会功利原因,历代统治阶层对妈祖频频敕封,对临水夫人进行抑制,这使得不同社会阶层和不同地域的信众对两位女神之不同的诠释,造成她们主从及神职等方面的转换,其关系十分微妙。     

The Multiple Meanings of Age for Television Content Preferences

Two studies examined how adult age and time of measurement influence media preferences. Study 1 (using TV ratings data from 1970s to 1980s) found that the popularity of genres varied over time, but even after controlling for year, age groups differed in (a) genre choices (consistent with socioemotional selectivity theory) and (b) age of characters viewed (consistent with age identity theory). The average age of characters in each program partially mediated age differences in ratings of comedies and news, and suppressed a negative relationship between viewer age and ratings of violent programs. Study 2 (using 2005 survey data) found similar genre and character preferences. In addition, subjective age predicted age of favorite characters beyond the effect of chronological age.     

日伪统治时期南京的娼妓业

南京沦陷后,抗日战争前被明令禁止的娼妓业在日伪政权的大力推动下公然发展起来.日伪政权对娼妓业的发展并非漫无限制,而是采取了划定妓院区域、定期体检、征收妓捐等措施.但是,南京娼妓业的泛滥,严重败坏了南京社会风气.     

壮族人群自然情况及高血压流行特点研究

原发性高血压因发病隐匿,患病率高,是血管事件的高危因素倍受关注.如何在人群中早期识别其高度、敏感的危害性因素,并在其萌芽之前,采取有效的干预措施,阻止、延缓或消灭其进展,达到控制或减少其对人类的危害,具有十分重要的现实意义.本文综述壮族居民高血压痛流行因素的研究进展.