高中生文理分科刻板印象的实验研究

采用2×4×2的重复测量的实验设计,探讨了性别是否会引起对于文理分科期望的刻板化加工以及刻板印象的意识性抑制问题,同时验证目前占主导地位的对范畴信息信任的减弱会增强对个体化信息的信赖这一假说。结果表明:(1)性别刻板印象会影响对文理科这种社会范畴的判断;(2)刻板印象比较顽固,较难受到意识性的抑制;(3)与刻板化信息完全相反的个体化信息的作用大于刻板化信息的作用,对刻板化信息的作用产生了一定的抑制,但无法完全抑制;(4)刻板印象与个体化信息的加工通路是平行的,同时它们彼此之间也是相互联系和限制的。     

初中生友谊认知的类型特点

本研究在已有理论及开放式问卷基础上首先确定友谊认知的初步结构,采用探索性因素分析调整结构并筛选题目,最终确定友谊认知问卷的4个维度。验证性因素分析表明,自编的友谊认知问卷具有较好的结构效度,其他各项信效度指标也均达到心理测量学的要求。另外,聚类分析表明可以把初中生的友谊认知划分为重情感-重兴趣、重情感-轻兴趣和情感淡漠-轻兴趣3种类型。     

马克思超越规范经济学与实证经济学对立的逻辑及其启示

In the process of criticism on political economics,Marx critically drew reasonable factors from positivism arisen at that time,so he can use empirical approach felicitously in the political economic research.Meanwhile,he can correctly use normative method because he transcended the limitations of positivism,and made it a complement to empirical approach.Marx’s critiques of political economy made normative method and empirical approach interdependence and become the methods as a subsystem in the political-ec...     

早期双语儿童第二语言的词汇概念组织

该文通过两个实验考察早期双语儿童第二语言的词汇概念组织。实验1运用跨语言重复启动的范式,结果发现了跨语言重复启动效应,说明早期双语儿童可以直接通达概念意义,但是二语词汇语义通达的强度要弱于一语词汇语义通达的强度。在实验1的基础上,实验2运用图片命名的范式,结果发现了命名的语言效应,进一步说明早期双语儿童二语词汇与概念表征的联系要弱于一语词汇与概念表征的联系。总的实验结果表明,早期双语儿童在记忆表征中建立了二语词汇与概念表征的直接联系,其第二语言的词汇概念组织在本质上是机能性的。     

薛中离图书易学思想浅析——以《图书质疑》为中心

本文以明代岭南思想家薛中离的《图书质疑》为中心,对薛中离的图书易学思想进行初步探讨,指出薛氏沿着"图书明——太极明——一体之学明"的理路,由驳斥析补说开始,重释图书易理,发挥诠释其"心外无物"、"主一立极"之心性思想,有着较强的浑一性和践履性的特征。     

Why best cannot last: Cultural differences in predicting regression toward the mean

Four studies were conducted to investigate cultural differences in predicting and understanding regression toward the mean. We demonstrated, with tasks in such domains as athletic competition, health and weather, that Chinese are more likely than Canadians to make predictions that are consistent with regression toward the mean. In addition, Chinese are more likely than Canadians to choose a regression‐consistent explanation to account for regression toward the mean. The findings are consistent with cultural differences in lay theories about how people, objects and events develop over time.     

Validating the semantic misattribution procedure as an implicit measure of gender stereotyping

The current research tested the validity of the semantic misattribution procedure (SMP)—a variant of the affect misattribution procedure—as an implicit measure of gender stereotyping. In three studies (N = 604), prime words of gender‐stereotypical occupations (e.g., nurse, doctor) influenced participants' guesses of whether unknown Chinese ideographs referred to male or female names in a stereotype‐congruent manner. Priming scores of gender stereotyping showed high internal consistency and construct‐valid correlations with explicit measures of sexism. Discriminant validity of gender stereotyping scores was tested by investigating relations with priming effects involving grammatical gender (e.g., mother, father). Evidence for discriminant validity was obtained when (1) trials from the two priming measures were presented in a blocked rather than interspersed manner and (2) the measure of stereotypical gender priming preceded the measure of grammatical gender priming. Overall, the SMP showed good psychometric properties and construct validity for the assessment of gender stereotyping.     

融合视角下创造力的认知神经机制

创造力的认知神经机制是近年来心理学研究领域的前沿和热点问题。通过融合创造力整体宏观视角和创造性产生过程的微观视角,对创造力的认知神经机制进行了综述。宏观视角下,创造力主要涉及α波和大脑前额叶、内外侧颞叶以及外侧顶叶; 微观视角下,在创造力产生过程中主要涉及α波序列位置效应以及默认网络和执行控制网络的功能耦合。未来研究方向应该结合多模态脑成像数据库,利用机器算法来探究创造力的本质; 关注青少年群体创造力的纵向发展趋势; 结合分子遗传学研究,探究与创造力有关的基因问题。     

The Leverage Approach for Sufficiency?

Sufficiency principles generally state that it is especially important for justice that people have enough of certain goods, but it can be hard to give a convincing answer as to what level of goods counts as enough. This paper examines a recent sufficiency view by George Sher (2014), who argues that the threshold level of resources and opportunities that the state should provide for each citizen is whatever level gives one enough leverage to obtain further resources and opportunities without inordinate difficulty or sacrifice. The argument relies on the idea that, with regard to resources and opportunities, the sufficient ability to live one’s life effectively requires only that one have enough of them as leverage. While Sher’s general account regarding “what counts as enough?” is promising in countering certain challenges typically raised against sufficiency principles, the approach to determine the threshold of resources and opportunities in terms of leverage is problematic.