Career adaptability,job search self-efficacy and outcomes: A three-wave investigation among Chinese university graduates

Based on career construction theory, the current research examined the role of career adaptability in Chinese university graduates' job search process (N = 270). Results from a three-wave survey study showed that the four dimension of career adaptability (measured at wave 1) correlated positively with university graduates' job search self-efficacy (measured at wave 2) and their employment status (measured at wave 3). Among graduates who became employed, career adaptability dimensions also predicted positively their person–environment (P–E) fit perceptions (measured at wave 3). The results further showed that with the effects of demographics (gender, age, education level and major) and family background (family economical status and parental education) controlled for, when putting the four dimensions of career adaptability together, career concern and career control served as the strongest predictors for job search self-efficacy, which further mediated the positive effects of these two dimensions on employment status. In addition, career control also had indirect effect on P–E fit through the mediation of job search self-efficacy. Additional analyses using the global indicator of career adaptability also supported this mediation model such that career adaptability significantly predicted employment status and P–E fit, with these relations mediated by job search self-efficacy. These findings carry implications for research on career construction theory, as well as career education and career counseling practices.     

具身认知:佛学的视角

作为现代认知科学的新兴研究范式,具身认知强调身体在认知的实现中发挥着关键作用。但对于身体是什么以及身体如何影响认知等问题,有关各方的研究者却都未能给予很好的说明。佛教在漫长的历史发展过程中,藉由禅修实践积累了大量的基于身体方案的"准"具身认知的素材;其"心色不二"的蕴积身体观,"根"、"尘"、"识"相互缘起的认知观以及独到的"第一人称研究方法"(禅观)等,对于当前具身认知研究的进一步深入具有重要的启发意义。     

Multiple trajectories of depressive symptoms in middle and late life: racial/ethnic variations

This research aims to identify distinct courses of depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older Americans and to ascertain how these courses vary by race/ethnicity. Data came from the 1995-2006 Health and Retirement Study which involved a national sample of 17,196 Americans over 50 years of age with up to six repeated observations. Depressive symptoms were measured by an abbreviated version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale. Semiparametric group based mixture models (Proc Traj) were used for data analysis. Six major trajectories were identified: (a) minimal depressive symptoms (15.9%), (b) low depressive symptoms (36.3%), (c) moderate and stable depressive symptoms (29.2%), (d) high but decreasing depressive symptoms (6.6%), (e) moderate but increasing depressive symptoms (8.3%), and (f) persistently high depressive symptoms (3.6%). Adjustment of time-varying covariates (e.g., income and health conditions) resulted in a similar set of distinct trajectories. Relative to White Americans, Black and Hispanic Americans were significantly more likely to be in trajectories of more elevated depressive symptoms. In addition, they were more likely to experience increasing and decreasing depressive symptoms. Racial and ethnic variations in trajectory groups were partially mediated by SES, marital status, and health conditions, particularly when both interpersonal and intrapersonal differences in these variables were taken into account.     

论心理学中的还原论

心理学中的还原论主要指方法论意义上的“理论的还原论”,可分为心理学理论向物理学、生理学与生物学理论还原等三种还原论类型。它并不像其攻击者所误解的那样,就是本体论的还原论、必然导致决定论、与整体论截然对立或者仅仅就是还原方法。相反地,还原论是研究心理现象的重要途径,与方法论的多元主义并行不悖,符合人类进行认识的规律。只要使用者注意其适用的边界条件,还原论还是不失为心理学研究的一种不错的“没有选择的选择”。     

责任的二重性及责任意识的培养——基于心理学的视野

责任就是做好分内应做之事,既包括职务客观要求的“应做之事”,也包括个体主观认同的“分内之事”,体现出客观与主观二重性。这一特性决定了责任意识包含对应做之事进行客观认识的“责任认知”与对分内之事进行主观认同的“责任情感”二个方面。培养责任认知可以按照传统的教育方法,但责任情感的培养却需另辟蹊径。该文基于心理学的研究成果,从责任分散效应、责任归因理论与角色扮演理论等出发提出了培养责任意识的几条途径。     

来自经济学的启示:关于心理学科的一些思考

从许多方面看,经济学与心理学都存在着共同之处。自20世纪70年代起,主流经济学在解释现实上的失败引发了经济学界的深刻反思,这些反思带给心理学的启示有：(1)心理学与经济学同属社会科学,而不是中间科学或二重科学;(2)统一的范式并不见得是这类以人为研究对象的社会科学的理想状态;(3)实验方法的发展方向不在于越来越精密地控制试验,而是允许不确定性的存在,并通过对不确定性的研究和发掘促进学科的进步。     

德国古典哲学的基本观念及其发展路线——在这种视野中关于“存在”的一些理解

本文从对康德“知识论转向”的意义分析入手,讨论了费希特、谢林和黑格尔在康德开辟的哲学方向上的努力,重新审视了德国古典哲学从“存在论”到“知识论”的发展脉络,指出德国古典哲学并未放弃传统的“存在”问题,而是深化和发展了这个问题.在德国古典哲学中,“存在”不再满足于成为空洞无内容的抽象概念,而是要成为具有“规定性”的哲学范畴.这条路线的梳理打通了德国哲学从古典到现代的内在发展理路.     

不良事件报告制度与患者安全

由于医院本身具有复杂性,不确定性和高风险性等专业特性,再加上越来越多新技术及新疗法的介入等错综复杂的因素,使得医疗风险无处不在。世界各国均存在不同程度的患者安全问题,这在发展中国家尤为严重,并由此产生了巨大的经济负担。患者安全问题已成为一个全球性的、亟待解决的问题,因此很有必要建立一个医疗安全监管系统。欧美多个国家已建立起医疗不良事件报告系统,我国虽然也有患者安全（不良事件）自愿报告系统,但发展还很不成熟。我们还应做出更多努力以推进该系统的发展,全面保障患者安全。     

利他人格和情境因素对于个体捐赠决策的影响

采用三因素被试间实验具体考察了利他人格、慈善组织有效性和同伴效应对于个体捐赠决策的影响,结果发现存在显著的主效应和交互作用.利他人格与捐赠态度和捐赠水平之间存在显著的正向关系;情境因素慈善组织有效性和同伴效应与捐赠态度和捐赠水平之间也存在显著的正向关系;高利他者的捐赠决策对慈善组织有效性更加敏感,而低利他者对同伴效应更加敏感.     

网络心理测验法述评

随着网络的不断发展,通过网络进行心理测验的频率也迅速增加。本文分析丁这种新的测验方法的优点,如更容易获得样本、操作更灵活准确、成本更低廉以及能提供更优质的测评服务等。同时也指出网络测验法在信度、效度、管理、项目安全以及对被试保密等方面有其局限性。心理学工作者应该创造性地思考怎样利用网络来促进心理测验的发展。