政府公共管理与公共文明建设

公共性是政府公共管理与公共文明建设的共同属性,政府公共管理的"公共性"体现在管理主体的公共性、管理价值观的公共性,管理手段的公共性和管理对象及目标的公共性等方面.公共文明建设的关键在于培养社会的公共精神,政府公共管理在公共文明建设中发挥着道德示范、制度保障、促进公民的有序参与和激发公民的公共意识等重要作用.     

创伤后应激障碍的认知功能缺陷与执行控制 ——5·12震后创伤恢复的认知基础

创伤后应激障碍（Posttraumatic stress disorder,PTSD）患者通常伴随着明显的认知功能损伤。例如,存在注意保持缺陷,对与创伤相关的信息表现出更多的注意偏向和应激反应;并存在对创伤信息的记忆偏向,在陈述性记忆和自传体记忆中表现出一定的缺陷。近年的研究积累了更多类似的证据,表明PTSD的认知损伤可能与执行功能缺陷密切相关,但这一解释是否正确仍有待进一步的研究。本综述对5·12汶川大地震后长期的心理干预工作,尤其是认知功能损伤人群的筛选、恢复以及相关科学研究具有现实意义和理论启发作用     

翻译不确定性与对意义的否定

一般认为,如果翻译不确定性确实存在,则传统意义概念的合法性就受到威胁,且意义本身的存在就受到质疑。本文作者认为,这个结论能否成立,依赖于能否在不使用直观意义或直观意义概念的前提下,仅用行为主义所允许的资源来说明,用于描述翻译不确定性的不同翻译手册之间确有语义内容上的实质不同。我怀疑奎因的理论能够提供所要求的这个说明。此时,可能翻译不确定性只是行为主义认识论的结果,而不是意义不存在的形而上学的结果。     

大学生被接纳感与心理健康:自尊的中介功能

采用问卷法,测得339名大学生的被接纳感、自尊和心理健康水平,同时建构了变量间的结构方程模型.结果显示:(1)大学生被接纳感和自尊对以强迫、抑郁和焦虑为指标的心理健康存在抑制作用,被接纳感越低,越易引发心理问题;(2)被接纳感对心理健康的影响包括两条路径:直接抑制路径和经过自尊的中介作用路径.     

行为博弈视野下信任研究的回顾

"信任"是指个体愿意相信对方会与之在某种风险活动中互惠(对方也要付出一定的成本).信任的实证研究主要包含相关研究和博弈实验研究,代表性的博弈实验有囚徒困境、信任博弈、议价博弈和蜈蚣博弈.人们对信任的内涵有不同的认识,其中代表性的观点有四个:(1)信任是一种理性的计算;(2)信任是一种人际态度;(3)信任是一种个人特质;(4)信任是一种社会品德.     

Cultural Variations in Reasons for Advice Seeking

Five studies examined cultural differences in reasons for advice‐seeking behaviors. Content analyses in Study 1A and self‐ratings in Study 1B consistently revealed that Euro‐Canadians were more likely than East Asians (mainly Chinese) to seek advice for informational reasons, whereas East Asians were more likely than Euro‐Canadians to seek advice for relational reasons. Study 2A showed that Chinese displayed a higher level of relationship concern than Euro‐Canadians in deciding from whom to seek advice in a decision dilemma. Study 2B found that, although Chinese and Euro‐Canadians did not differ from each other on willingness to pay for informational advice, Chinese were willing to pay more for building a relationship with the advisor through advice seeking than Euro‐Canadians were. Study 3 explored how the advice giver might perceive an advice seeker in terms of their competence and the closeness of their relationship after advice was sought for various reasons. We found that relationally oriented advice seeking increased the perceived competence of the advice seeker among Chinese more than among Euro‐Canadians. Information‐oriented advice seeking increased the perceived closeness between the advice seeker and advice giver among Chinese more than among Euro‐Canadians. Implications for other aspects of advice exchange are discussed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

有关具身认知的三种理论模型

具身认知强调了身体在认知中的关键作用,主张身体的构造和状态、身体的物理属性及其大脑与身体的特殊感觉—运动通道对认知的形成产生了根本影响。具身认知的相关理论虽然直接或者间接承认身体对心智的塑造关系,但是存在一些观点的不一致,导致具身认知理论难以统一到相同的框架上来,具身认知大致可以归结为三种模型:概念隐喻理论,知觉符号理论和感知运动模拟隐喻理论。     

Association between Child Abuse and Health Risk Behaviors among Chinese College Students

Little is known about the link between child abuse and health risk behaviors among Chinese college students. This cross-sectional study examined the prevalence of child abuse and its relations with individual and clusters of health risk behaviors among Chinese college students. A total of 507 students participated in this survey. The prevalence of child abuse from the highest to the lowest was emotional neglect (53.9%), physical neglect (49.0%), emotional abuse (21.8%), physical abuse (18.3%), and sexual abuse (18.1%), respectively. Males were more likely to report child abuse than females (p?<?0.01). For males, emotional abuse was associated with internet addiction [OR?=?2.28; 95%CI (1.00, 5.20)] and suicidal behavior [OR?=?12.47, 95%CI (2.61, 59.54)]; while sexual abuse was associated with internet addiction [OR?=?2.30, 95%CI (1.14, 4.66)]. For females, emotional abuse was significantly associated with increased risks for self-harm behavior [OR?=?15.03, 95%CI (3.59, 63.07)] and suicidal behavior [OR?=?5.16, 95%CI (1.63, 16.40)]. Physical abuse was related to risks for internet addiction [OR?=?2.50, 95%CI (1.03, 6.04)] significantly. Two-step cluster analysis showed that participants in clusters with more health risk behaviors reported higher scores of child abuse. These findings suggest that child abuse was associated with both individual and clustering of health risk behaviors among Chinese college students.     

The effect of motivation and positive affect on ego depletion: Replenishment versus release mechanism

In this study, 2 experiments were conducted to investigate whether motivation and positive affect can alleviate ego depletion and to elucidate their possible mechanisms. In Experiment 1, a crossing‐out‐letter task was adapted to reach an ego depletion state for Chinese participants. Participants were then randomly assigned to the extrinsic motivation group, the positive affect group or the depletion control group. After the experimental treatment, a dumbbell task was used to measure participants' remaining self‐regulatory resources. The results showed that participants in the motivation and positive affect groups performed better on the dumbbell task than participants in the depletion control group. Experiment 2 was similar to Experiment 1 except that participants were asked to perform an additional unexpected dumbbell task after a neutral video following the above procedure. The results of Experiment 1 were replicated; however, participants' performance on the additional dumbbell task differed. The positive affect group performed better than the depletion control group, indicating an increase in self‐regulatory resources and thus supporting the replenishment effect of positive affect. No significant difference was found between the motivation group and the depletion control group.