Career adaptability,job search self-efficacy and outcomes: A three-wave investigation among Chinese university graduates

Based on career construction theory, the current research examined the role of career adaptability in Chinese university graduates' job search process (N = 270). Results from a three-wave survey study showed that the four dimension of career adaptability (measured at wave 1) correlated positively with university graduates' job search self-efficacy (measured at wave 2) and their employment status (measured at wave 3). Among graduates who became employed, career adaptability dimensions also predicted positively their person–environment (P–E) fit perceptions (measured at wave 3). The results further showed that with the effects of demographics (gender, age, education level and major) and family background (family economical status and parental education) controlled for, when putting the four dimensions of career adaptability together, career concern and career control served as the strongest predictors for job search self-efficacy, which further mediated the positive effects of these two dimensions on employment status. In addition, career control also had indirect effect on P–E fit through the mediation of job search self-efficacy. Additional analyses using the global indicator of career adaptability also supported this mediation model such that career adaptability significantly predicted employment status and P–E fit, with these relations mediated by job search self-efficacy. These findings carry implications for research on career construction theory, as well as career education and career counseling practices.     

德国古典哲学的基本观念及其发展路线——在这种视野中关于“存在”的一些理解

本文从对康德“知识论转向”的意义分析入手,讨论了费希特、谢林和黑格尔在康德开辟的哲学方向上的努力,重新审视了德国古典哲学从“存在论”到“知识论”的发展脉络,指出德国古典哲学并未放弃传统的“存在”问题,而是深化和发展了这个问题.在德国古典哲学中,“存在”不再满足于成为空洞无内容的抽象概念,而是要成为具有“规定性”的哲学范畴.这条路线的梳理打通了德国哲学从古典到现代的内在发展理路.     

青少年多维自我控制量表的编制及信效度检验

编制与多维自我控制理论相适应的,用于测量中国青少年多维自我控制的量表并检验其信、效度。通过查阅文献、专家评估等方式形成初测问卷; 以初中生和高中生为被试,选取1424名被试进行初测,681名被试正式施测。主动性自我控制量表包含情绪调节、目标维持和自我控制策略3个维度,抑制性自我控制量表包含注意力控制、冲动控制和情绪控制3个维度。两个量表均具有良好的结构效度、效标关联效度和信度。综上所述,青少年多维自我控制量表中的主动性、抑制性自我控制量表均符合测量学标准,可用于评估中国青少年的自我控制能力。     

不良事件报告制度与患者安全

由于医院本身具有复杂性,不确定性和高风险性等专业特性,再加上越来越多新技术及新疗法的介入等错综复杂的因素,使得医疗风险无处不在。世界各国均存在不同程度的患者安全问题,这在发展中国家尤为严重,并由此产生了巨大的经济负担。患者安全问题已成为一个全球性的、亟待解决的问题,因此很有必要建立一个医疗安全监管系统。欧美多个国家已建立起医疗不良事件报告系统,我国虽然也有患者安全（不良事件）自愿报告系统,但发展还很不成熟。我们还应做出更多努力以推进该系统的发展,全面保障患者安全。     

Overexpression of hAPPswe impairs rewarded alternation and contextual fear conditioning in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease

One of the hallmarks of the pathology in Alzheimer's disease is the deposition of amyloid plaques throughout the brain, especially within the hippocampus and amygdala. Transgenic mice that overexpress the Swedish mutation of human amyloid precursor protein (hAPPswe; Tg2576) show age-dependent memory deficits in hippocampus-dependent learning tasks. However, the performance of aged Tg2576 mice in amygdala-dependent learning tasks has not been thoroughly assessed. We trained young (2–4 mo) and old (16–18 mo) Tg2576 and wild-type mice in a T-maze alternation task (hippocampus-dependent) and a Pavlovian fear-conditioning task (amygdala- and hippocampus-dependent). As previously reported, old Tg2576 mice showed impaired acquisition of rewarded alternation; none of these mice reached the criterion of at least five out of six correct responses over three consecutive days. In contrast, old Tg2576 mice showed normal levels of conditional freezing to an auditory conditional stimulus (CS) and acquired a contextual discrimination normally. However, when the salience of the fear-conditioning context was decreased, old (12–14 mo) Tg2576 mice were impaired at acquiring fear to the conditioning context, but not to the tone CS. Histological examination of a subset of the mice verified the existence of amyloid plaques in the cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala of old, but not young, Tg2576 mice. Hence, learning and memory deficits in old Tg2576 mice are limited to hippocampus-dependent tasks, despite widespread amyloid deposition in cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala.     

试析现代西方心理学的文化转向

西方心理学正在展现出对文化影响日渐增加的关注。这种文化转向既有科学哲学和历史的原因,也受到世界范围内心理学本土化运动的影响。文化转向的主要表现是：(1)对心理学自然科学模式的反思与诘难;(2)多元文化心理学的兴起;(3)跨文化心理学面临的批评及其转变;(4)认知心理学、发展心理学和健康心理学等分支领域对文化影响的关注。作者认为,文化的转向对于西方心理学的发展具有积极的意义。     

The potential mediating role of anxiety sensitivity in the impact of mindfulness training on anxiety and depression severity and impairment: A randomized controlled trial

The benefits of mindfulness-based interventions to alleviate anxiety and depression have been supported by many studies. Given the effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions on anxiety and depression, the underlying mechanisms need to be explored. Using a randomized waitlist-controlled design, this study investigated whether anxiety sensitivity was a potential mechanism for the impact of mindfulness training on anxiety and depression. Participants with high psychological distress were randomly assigned to an eight-week mindfulness intervention (N = 35) or a wait-list control group (N = 34). Before and after the intervention or corresponding waitlist period, participants completed measures of anxiety and depression severity and impairment and anxiety sensitivity. Separate mixed ANOVA demonstrated significant group (intervention vs. control group) × time (pre- vs. post-test) interactions for anxiety sensitivity and overall anxiety severity and impairment and marginally significant interaction for overall depression severity and impairment. Moreover, simple mediation models showed that reductions of anxiety sensitivity from pre- to post-test mediated the impact of mindfulness training on changes in anxiety and depression severity and impairment. The findings suggest that anxiety sensitivity is a potential mechanism underlying the effect of mindfulness training on anxiety and depression, which provides a new perspective for the study of processes of change of mindfulness-based interventions.     

小学中、高年级学生识别汉语成语的信号检测论分析

本实验结果表明,被试识别音同、义同、形近三类成语材料有不同的效果。形近的识别最差,音同与义同只有在同一成语中共同存在,才容易混淆。四种识记方法相比,字形识记的识别效果最好,一般识记最差,意义识记和读音识记随年级不同而不同。在识记方法与材料性质相一致时,三年级被试都识别较差,而五年级被试使用字形识记对各种材料都识别较好,并且意义识记的识别效果显著提高。     

结构方程模型的应用及分析策略

差不多所有心理、教育、社会等概念,均难以直接准确测量,结构方程（SEM,Struc－tulalEquationModelling）提供一个处理测量误差的方法,采用多个指标去反映潜在变量,也令估计整个模型因子间关系,较传统回归方法更为准确合理。本文主要用一系列有关学习动机的虚拟例子,指出每个问题的主要分析策略,以展示SEM在教育及心理学可以应用的研究范畴。文内探讨的方法包括：验证性因素、高阶因子、路径及因果分析、多时段（multiwave）设计、单形模型（SimpleModel）、及多组比较等。     

西方心理学发展中的若干倾向之我见

西方心理学发展过程中存在着若干思想倾向：１．个体主义,指的是在心理学的研究中仅从个全的角度出发分析人的思想与行为,忽视社会历史文化因素对人的影响;２．非理性主义,这种思维倾向把意志,情感,本能冲动、原始欲望等非理性因素看成是心理的本质,贬低理性思维的作用;３．客观主义这种思想倾向把客观性作业一种教条进行崇拜,对客观化研究的强调到了无以复加的地步,给心理学的发展带来不利的影响。