学生班级集体效能、考试焦虑和学业成绩的SEM研究

使用结构方程模型,考察了学生班级集体效能、考试焦虑和学业成绩的关系。结果表明:1.重点学校学生班级考试焦虑极其显著低于一般学校。2.数学成绩和三科总分,高效能组均极其显著高于低效能组。3.在班级水平上,考试焦虑和集体效能、学业成绩均有负向关系,集体效能与学业成绩有正向关系,同时集体效能能够调节考试焦虑对学业成绩的影响。     

"生物学转向"与新目的论

在人类思想史上,恐怕没有哪一种理论或学说的命运像目的论那样富有戏剧性。在西方古代和中世纪,目的论在柏拉图、亚里士多德等人的呵护下,俨然成了权威的解释模式。到了近现代,随着自然科学和科学主义精神的发展,目的论又几乎成了所有理论中最“臭名昭著”的理论。然而,在当今心灵哲学、认识论和科学哲学等领域的自然化运动中,目的论不仅被“平反”了,而且成为人们谈论的主要话题,有关概念的使用频率趋高,其地位不断攀升,至少成了各种竞争理论中占据重要地位的一种理论。最低限度上,在相应的领域中,几乎再没有人把经过重新阐释的新目的论看…     

产业哲学研究述评

如何寻找新的学术生长点以更好地反映自己的时代,中国科学技术哲学界在新世纪的探索中,提出“产业哲学”概念并展开了初步研究,体现着一种新的努力。一产业:从被遗忘的角落回到哲学的视野如同农业时代,工业时代,后工业时代,信息时代等称谓所体现的,产业反映着时代。马克思说,产业是“一本打开了的关于人的本质力量的书”,是自然界对于人、因而也是科学技术对于人的现实的历史关系。[1]恩格斯也认为,英国的产业革命“是现代英国的各种关系的基础,是整个社会发展的动力。”[2]但是,长期以来,对“产业”的哲学探索却显得相当薄弱。陈昌曙在20世…     

支那内学院和西洋哲学研究

在欧阳竟无创立的支那内学院中,有一批佛学家都曾与近代中国西方哲学的传译和研究事业发生过或深或浅的关系。佛学的熏陶,在他们对西方哲学的理解和选择上,发挥了一定的作用。本文以文献资料为主,从与支那内学院关系较深的院员和学友中间,特别挑出吕澂、黄忏华、李石岑、汤用彤和景昌极这五个人,结合他们自己学习、研究西洋哲学的经历,介绍他们如何在佛学思想的影响下,在近代中国传译研究西方哲学的历史上,逐渐形成了他们的一些独特的观点和成就。     

Chasing vs. stalking: interrupting the perception of animacy

Visual experience involves not only physical features such as color and shape, but also higher-level properties such as animacy and goal-directedness. Perceiving animacy is an inherently dynamic experience, in part because agents' goal-directed behavior may be frequently in flux-unlike many of their physical properties. How does the visual system maintain and update representations of agents' animate and goal-directed behavior over time and motion? The present study explored this question in the context of a particularly salient form of perceived animacy: chasing, in which one shape (the "wolf") pursues another shape (the "sheep"). Here the participants themselves controlled the movement of the sheep, and the perception of chasing was assessed in terms of their ability to avoid being caught by the wolf-which looked identical to many moving distractors, and so could be identified only by its motion. The wolf's pursuit was frequently interrupted by periods in which it was static, jiggling in place, or moving randomly (amidst distractors that behaved similarly). Only the latter condition greatly impaired the detection of chasing-and only when the random motion was grouped into temporally extended chunks. These results reveal (1) how the detection of chasing is determined by the character and temporal grouping (rather than just the brute amount) of "pursuit" over time; and (2) how these temporal dynamics can lead the visual system to either construct or actively reject interpretations of chasing.     

程序公正的测量及研究操纵

程序公正是指处理管理事务所依据的原则是否公正。普遍认可的程序公正原则包括一致性、避免偏见、准确性、可修正、代表性、道德与伦理原则。程序公正研究主要有测量和实验操纵两种研究范式。对程序公正的测量主要以单维为主,亦有少数多维测量量表;对程序公正的实验操纵主要以发言权为主,有少数研究对准确性、无偏性或综合几项原则进行操纵。未来研究应考虑程序公正的结构问题,对程序公正的操纵范围进行扩展、操纵方法考虑情景性,还需关注程序公正与程序不公正的差异。     

前意识模型的提出和大学生情绪——心境的实验研究

本文首先介绍了内隐记忆研究的过程分离程序（ＰＤＰ）的独立模型和附着模型,提出了前意识模型的基本构想。实验以５０名大学生为被拭,考察了大学生的情绪－心境状况及其性别差异。结果表明：大学生对不同维度的情绪性词汇的敏感性有所不同;前意识模型以前意识为中介,可反映意识与无意识的动态关系。     

The wolfpack effect. Perception of animacy irresistibly influences interactive behavior

Imagine a pack of predators stalking their prey. The predators may not always move directly toward their target (e.g., when circling around it), but they may be consistently facing toward it. The human visual system appears to be extremely sensitive to such situations, even in displays involving simple shapes. We demonstrate this by introducing the wolfpack effect, which is found when several randomly moving, oriented shapes (darts, or discs with "eyes") consistently point toward a moving disc. Despite the randomness of the shapes' movement, they seem to interact with the disc--as if they are collectively pursuing it. This impairs performance in interactive tasks (including detection of actual pursuit), and observers selectively avoid such shapes when moving a disc through the display themselves. These and other results reveal that the wolfpack effect is a novel "social" cue to perceived animacy. And, whereas previous work has focused on the causes of perceived animacy, these results demonstrate its effects, showing how it irresistibly and implicitly shapes visual performance and interactive behavior.     

防范非典庄严净土

在非典型性肺炎肆虐的非常时期,五台山风景名胜区政府审时度势,及时调整工作思路,一手抓“非典”防范,守卫佛国净土;一手抓经济建设,强化软硬环境,准备以全新的面貌迎接旅游业的全面复苏。当“非典”疫情发生后,五台山风景名胜区政府立即发出了《关于出入景区实行严格管理的紧急通知》,并制定了《五台山风景名胜区控制非典型肺炎应急措施预案》,实行了三条保障线,采取了四大措施,落实了五项制度。其三条保障线是:一、入山管理处的工作人员由保安、交警、防疫、医院联合值勤,对进入车辆、人员进行查证、消毒、登记、有效监控,从严把关。二、…     

从道德建构到政治建构——论罗尔斯的制度理念

罗尔斯的政治哲学坚持政治价值的独立性,走出道德多元论的困惑,开辟了政治证明的新传统.罗尔斯吸取了康德道德建构主义的精髓,以公共理性精神为出发点,阐释了政治建构主义的证明方法.他提倡民主的政治制度,他的政治建构主义的理念与原则内在于民主政治生活,消除了先验理性的形上色彩.罗尔斯的正义原则所倡导的政治价值促进了民主政治的发展,具有更加深刻的人道主义精神.