儒家道德情感论的核心特质及其内在理路

直下心源、直契本心是由孔子确立的儒家道德情感论的核心特质,孔子后学由此出发,基于天人合一的视域建构了诚学,将诚提升为了贯通天人、真实无妄的道德情感。儒家从质直、至诚之本心情感出发,涵养与推扩道德情感的内在理路可以概括为以下三个维度:第一,以反观内省的道德理性时时提撕和体认本心情感;第二,以本心情感为体,以礼乐文化为用,以文质彬彬为旨归;第三,以"亲亲而仁民,仁民而爱物"为路径,以四端之心为内在心理情感根据,在由近及远、由厚及薄、由亲及疏的无限推扩中实现对道德情感的涵养、提升与超越。     

马克思的唯物史观与道德观三问

通过对唯物史观与人本主义的关系、唯物史观是否拒斥道德精神、唯物史观是何种道德价值立场的逻辑追问,可以发现马克思的唯物史观蕴含着深厚的人本主义精神,这种人本主义精神是实践人道主义,它不满足于一般的道义批判,它主张将道义批判化为现实行动,在创造新生活世界的积极行动过程中使人自身获得自由解放.     

文字突显程度对学前儿童图画书阅读中文字注视的影响

对117名4-6岁儿童独立阅读不同文字突显程度图画书时的文字注视进行了研究。结果发现：文字突显程度并未改变儿童“从图画到文字”的阅读过程,也未能吸引儿童在阅读中更早地注视文字,但有助于儿童在阅读中更多、更久地关注文字;与儿童年龄在儿童图画书阅读中的作用相比,文字突显程度的作用仍然非常有限;可能存在着有更强预测作用的因素影响儿童图画书阅读过程中的文字注视。思维泡泡这种文字突显类型对儿童文字注视的影响,需要与所在阅读页的其他图画内容在突显程度上进行竞争。     

Social capital and PTSD among PLWHA in China: the mediating role of resilience and internalized stigma

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is frequent among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Few studies have investigated social-psychological predictors of PTSD in China. This study aimed to examine relationships between social capital, stigma, resilience and PTSD among PLWHA in China, and to provide effective suggestions for PTSD intervention. A cross-sectional study of 520 PLWHA was conducted from November 2015 to January 2016. Survey data were collected using anonymous self-reported questionnaire. Multivariable analyses were used to examine related factors of PTSD, and causal mediation analyses were conducted to assess whether stigma and resilience were mediators. Results indicated that higher risk of PTSD was independent associated with stronger stigma, decreasing social capital and lower resilience. There was an indirect relationship of social capital on PTSD mediated through resilience and HIV-related stigma. Therefore, PTSD intervention programs should not only pay attention to the role of social capital on PTSD, but also attach importance to stigma and resilience on PTSD symptoms.     

Attachment,Social Support,Resilience and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms in Chinese Adults Living with HIV/AIDS

The present study aimed to examine the effects of attachment, social support and resilience on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in people living with HIV/AIDS. One hundred fifty-two HIV+ adults in China were investigated. The results suggested that attachment anxiety had a significant direct effect on PTSD symptoms and impacted PTSD symptoms indirectly though associations with social support and resilience. Attachment avoidance could also be considered a distal risk factor of PTSD symptoms via the mediation of social support and resilience. The findings highlight the importance of identifying trauma and PTSD symptoms in people affected by HIV/AIDS and suggest that people with attachment anxiety and low social support resources might be at high risk for PTSD.     

从道德建构到政治建构——论罗尔斯的制度理念

罗尔斯的政治哲学坚持政治价值的独立性,走出道德多元论的困惑,开辟了政治证明的新传统.罗尔斯吸取了康德道德建构主义的精髓,以公共理性精神为出发点,阐释了政治建构主义的证明方法.他提倡民主的政治制度,他的政治建构主义的理念与原则内在于民主政治生活,消除了先验理性的形上色彩.罗尔斯的正义原则所倡导的政治价值促进了民主政治的发展,具有更加深刻的人道主义精神.     

How do slender mineral crystals resist buckling in biological materials?

Mineral crystals in biological materials such as bone, tooth, and sea shell are susceptible to buckling under compressive loading due to their slender geometry with large aspect ratios. How does nature deal with this problem? This question is especially interesting in view of the three orders of magnitude difference in elastic modulus between protein and mineral. As a first analysis of this question, we study the stability of a single mineral platelet confined in an otherwise perfect protein–mineral nanostructure. We find that there exists a transition of buckling strength from an aspect ratio-dependent regime to a lower threshold value, independent of the crystal geometry. Typical values of the aspect ratio of mineral crystals of bone and nacre fall in this transition region. The existence of a buckling strength independent of the detailed geometrical parameters of mineral may be critically important from the point of view of structure robustness as the composite behaviour of biomaterials should not depend sensitively on small variations in crystal size and shape.     

Anomalous ductile-brittle fracture behaviour in fcc crystals

The fracture behaviour of fcc crystals has been investigated by numerically simulating the dynamical failure of a three-dimensional notched crystal using molecular dynamics, simple interatomic potentials for a rare-gas solid and system sizes of about ten million atoms. We find that the solid fails by brittle cleavage for cracking on a {110} face growing in a [110]direction and by ductile plasticity for cracking on a {111} face growing in a [110]direction. Comparison of equilibrium surface energies on the crack face and Schmid factors on the primary slip systems indicates that the classical theories of fracture give predictions in contradiction with the simulation results. A hyperelasticity model is proposed to explain this discrepancy. This anomalous fracture behaviour of fcc crystals has a profound implication on general modelling of dynamic failure of solids.     

Using Reinforcement Learning to Examine Dynamic Attention Allocation During Reading

A fundamental question in reading research concerns whether attention is allocated strictly serially, supporting lexical processing of one word at a time, or in parallel, supporting concurrent lexical processing of two or more words (Reichle, Liversedge, Pollatsek, & Rayner, 2009). The origins of this debate are reviewed. We then report three simulations to address this question using artificial reading agents (Liu & Reichle, 2010; Reichle & Laurent, 2006) that learn to dynamically allocate attention to 1–4 words to “read” as efficiently as possible. These simulation results indicate that the agents strongly preferred serial word processing, although they occasionally attended to more than one word concurrently. The reason for this preference is discussed, along with implications for the debate about how humans allocate attention during reading.