当代教育心理学的研究和发展

随着教育心理学的发展,其学科的独立性愈加明显,研究课题也发生了相应的变化,并且表现出所受当代心理学新理论影响的敏感性。在本文中,作者通过以上三个方面,来跟踪与评述当代教育心理学的研究与发展,强调了中国文化作为教育心理学重要资源的意义,提倡了一种东西方心理学和积极心理学的观点。     

秦汉时期道德生活的变动格局

作为中华民族道德生活的古典形态,秦汉时期道德生活在变动格局方面有着强烈的时代特色。它不但具有由多样性向统一性、由非标准性向标准性、由特殊性向普遍性运动的态势,而且在这一过程中,始终存在着统一化、标准化、礼制化与反统一化、反标准化、反礼制化的斗争。从空间格局上看,在当时多样的道德生活中,还存在着非主流道德生活与主流道德生活的相互转化性。就道德生活与法律生活的关系看,二者之间存在着互动性,这集中地表现为法律是当时道德生活标准化、礼制化的重要资源。     

主我分享:人际吸引研究的新发展

在James的"主体自我"和"客体自我"的基础上,Pinel和Long等人提出了人际吸引和人际联结的主我分享新机制.文章回顾了人际吸引的影响因素,以相似性对喜爱的影响为基础,探讨了客体相似和主我分享对人际吸引的影响;从自我与环境两个维度介绍了主我分享在自我完善、排除孤独感以及群际接触中的作用;最后对主我分享研究进行了评价和展望.     

The wolfpack effect. Perception of animacy irresistibly influences interactive behavior

Imagine a pack of predators stalking their prey. The predators may not always move directly toward their target (e.g., when circling around it), but they may be consistently facing toward it. The human visual system appears to be extremely sensitive to such situations, even in displays involving simple shapes. We demonstrate this by introducing the wolfpack effect, which is found when several randomly moving, oriented shapes (darts, or discs with "eyes") consistently point toward a moving disc. Despite the randomness of the shapes' movement, they seem to interact with the disc--as if they are collectively pursuing it. This impairs performance in interactive tasks (including detection of actual pursuit), and observers selectively avoid such shapes when moving a disc through the display themselves. These and other results reveal that the wolfpack effect is a novel "social" cue to perceived animacy. And, whereas previous work has focused on the causes of perceived animacy, these results demonstrate its effects, showing how it irresistibly and implicitly shapes visual performance and interactive behavior.     

语音信息对中国英语学习者语义加工的影响及其脑机制

本研究采用经典的句尾畸义词诱发N400的ERP实验范式探讨了中国英语学习者在进行英文阅读时语音的影响及其相关脑机制。实验包括两类畸义语句:1.同音畸义:句尾词有畸义,但语音和相应正常语义句尾词相同;2.非同音畸义:句尾词有畸义,且语音和相应正常语义句尾词不同。行为数据显示:在错误率上同音畸义显著地高于非同音畸义。ERP显示:无论在早期(N100)还是晚期(N400)脑电成份上,同音畸义和非同音畸义的ERP振幅都有明显差异。本研究从行为和脑电两个方面一致揭示中国英语学习者阅读英文时受到了语音的影响。     

The source of the idea of equality in Confucian thought

Although the traditional society in China was not necessarily a society of equality, and the classical Confucianism did not speak much about the principle of universal equality, in modern times, in the midst of a transformation of value systems, people still find correlating sources within the Confucian tradition that is connected to the modern idea of equality. This essay makes a detailed study on this correlation and points out that ancient Chinese society and the western feudal society are different in terms of social systems and education systems. For example, China has the imperial examination but no patrimonial aristocracy. Confucianism opposed the huge gap between the poor and the rich, and this idea has become a modern tradition in the ideal of “great harmony under the sky,” especially in Kang Youwei’s 康有为 Datong Shu 大同书 (Book of Great Harmony). There were also some elements of agricultural socialism and equalitarianism in traditional Confucianism. The potential idea of equality (or reciprocity) in “friendship,” embodied in the principle of Confucian ethics of the Three Bonds and the Five Relations, is explored and explained in a modern way. The theory that the sages are equal with the masses, which originated from the theory of human being’s intrinsic goodness, may be directly connected with modern principle of equality. The modern transformation of equality is both political and ethical. The former is to struggle for individual rights; the latter is to establish moral subjectivity. Therefore, equality between sages and the masses manifests modernity. Like the epistemic subjectivity, which could not be discussed without referring to group-individual relationship, the moral subjectivity also contains a consciousness of equality.     

人际吸引机制探索:主我分享中情绪的作用

研究以计算机仿真交流平台为工具,采用模拟情景方法,探讨了人际互动中相似性对人际吸引的影响和人际吸引机制。采用2×2组间设计,共32名被试。结果显示:(1)主我分享是态度相似的重要组成部分;(2)在人际交流与互动中,主我分享是影响人际吸引的重要因素;(3)情绪是主我分享影响人际吸引的中介变量,起部分中介作用;(4)人际互动情境模拟是研究人际交往的一种有效途径。     

中国穆斯林的爱国主义传统

在新的历史条件下,我们加强爱国主义教育要增强时代感,要紧扣时代脉搏,紧密结合国情,体现以人为本的理念。在我国各族穆斯林中进行爱国主义传统教育,要突出我国开放和社会主义现代化建设成就的教育,突出中华民族精神的教育,突出民族团结与祖国统一的教育,突出宗教与社会主义社会相适应的教育内容。同时,要结合当前时代的特点,善于开发和利用各种不同的途径和渠道,开展爱国主义教育活动。要以国内外重大事件为契机,有针对性地开展各种爱国主义教育活动。使各族穆斯林爱国主义教育的各个方面努力增强时代感,凸显时代特色。一《古兰经》、“圣…     

法律与自由

本文主要从法哲学的角度探讨了法律与自由的关系问题。本文认为,传统的有关积极自由与消极自由的二分法已经不能准确厘清自由与法律之关系,需要在综合的方法下审视自由观念所包含的法律价值意义。为此,本文系统地考察了禁止论、意志论和规则论三种法律下的自由观,并对作为一项基本的政治与法律权利的自由权利给予了具体的分析,文章认为我们既要保有自由诸权利不受侵犯,更需要为这些自由权利而作为,建设一个法治的宪政制度,则是所有个人自由的基础。     

论杨歧、黄龙两宗绮语与禅思

在僧规戒律中,绮语为四种口过之一,而在中国文学史上偏偏有释子屡造口业,形成了身为释子而作绮语的现象。本文主要以杨歧和黄龙两宗为中心,揭示两宗以绮语通禅思这一现象,并对这一现象进行分析。主要有三点原因:一、僧人作艳情诗传统的影响;二、禅宗内在理论的影响;三、禅思与艳情的不可言说。