Report on Shanghai norms for the Chinese translation of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised

The Chinese translation of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children--Revised (WISC-RC) was administered to 660 children (ages 6 through 16 yr.) in the city of Shanghai. The obtained norms represent children's intelligence levels in big cities where the economic and cultural development is advanced. The norms are reported as "Scaled Score Equivalents of Raw Scores" for each age group and as "IQ Equivalents of Sums of Scaled Scores." The reliability and validity of the norms indicate that the WISC-R is suitable for use with school-age children in China. The difference between the results for our Shanghai sample (WISC-RCs) and a USA sample (WISC-R) is also discussed.     

内隐记忆研究的实验方法探索：重学──分离法及其测量效应

为客观计量初学后潜留的内隐记忆效应和探索内隐记忆叠加效应的内在机制,创用了“重学──分离法”。结果发现：“重学──分离法”能有效地测得初学后内隐记忆的保存量;重学后内隐记忆的叠加效应明显,增值为６３．４％;内隐记忆效应与年龄、学历（知识水平）之间无确定的对应关系。     

配对词组的难度对策略使用效果的影响

探讨人工合成配对词组的难度对精加工策略使用效果的影响。材料为２６对根据其联想程度高低分为两组的配对名词组。各分为４组的一、三、五年级学生采用不同策略学习上述材料。研究结果表明：策略确实提高了被试的总体学习成绩;被试学习难度低的材料与难度高的材料相比,策略的促进效果更明显。该结果说明,材料难度极大地影响对策略的使用效果。     

Structural priming from simple arithmetic to Chinese ambiguous structures: evidence from eye movement

Cognitive Processing - This article explores the domain generality of hierarchical representation between linguistic and mathematical cognition by adopting the structural priming paradigm in an...     

The Rule of Virtue: A Confucian Response to the Ethical Challenges of Technocracy

Science and Engineering Ethics - A variety of approaches have appeared in academic literature and in design practice representing “ethics-first” methods. These approaches typically...     

The Relationship Between Happiness and Consumption Expenditure: Evidence from Rural China

We use data from the 2016 China Labor-force Dynamics Survey (CLDS) to examine the relationship between happiness and consumption expenditure of rural farmers in China. A two-stage residual inclusion approach is applied to tackle the potential endogeneity issue of happiness. The empirical results show that a higher level of happiness is associated with an increase in consumption expenditure in general. Further analysis reveals that higher levels of happiness are positively and significantly associated with higher expenditures on basic living goods, education and gifts. We also find that both household income and access to the Internet boost happiness and increase consumption expenditure. Happiness plays a larger role in improving the consumption expenditure of rural households compared with their urban counterparts. Our findings may suggest that improving rural income via income diversification strategies and investing in rural information and communication technology infrastructures would encourage rural farmers’ happiness, promote the upgrading of rural consumption and boost sustainable economic growth.

     

A Comparison between the Psychological Benefits of Giving Money vs. Giving Time

Journal of Happiness Studies - Four studies investigated the differential effects of giving time vs. giving money on well-being and related mechanisms. Studies 1 and 2 used a recall paradigm,...     

康有为、梁漱溟的儒佛观与人类终极存在之想象

康有为、梁漱溟是晚清民国推动传统儒学转化创新的重要代表性人物。梁漱溟对康有为的学问与为人都极其反感,但是客观来看,两人有不少相似性:性格上两人都是狂者型思想家,大乘佛教的思想对两人都有极深的影响,但是两人又都反对近代一度盛行的佛教救国论,认为儒学才是当前和今后相当长一段时间中国所需要的。他们都认为在比较遥远的未来即进入大同社会或共产主义社会之后就会迎来佛教大盛的时代。两位大儒一定意义上都以佛学为人类存在之终极归宿,确实有些吊诡和匪夷所思。梁漱溟终身茹素,晚年一再声称自己是佛教徒,他是本着大乘佛教的精神来阐发儒学的一些人生价值的。就对孔子儒学全面把握的广度、深度与推动儒学转化创新的贡献而言,康有为的历史影响要更大、更为深远。儒学是生生不息、与时俱进的,只要有人类存在,其普遍价值与永恒魅力将并三光而永光,康、梁以佛法为人类存在之归宿,只是想象。     

不确定情境中的决策心理——适应与认知

不确定情境中的决策问题广受经济学家和心理学家关注,但他们对人的决策行为有不同的解释。该简要回顾了经济学和心理学视野中的决策理论,包括预期效用理论、主观预期效用理论和前景理论。主要介绍了“生态理性”观对人的决策心理的研究,着重介绍了研究发现的几种启发式策略,如“一个理由策略”,并探讨了他们在人适应过程中的作用。中最后分析了决策问题的研究现状。     

儿童科学概念的认知发展

综述了作者在儿童科学概念认知领域的研究,其中包括儿童的朴素生物学、朴素物理学认知及其与心理理论发展关系的研究。作者研究了儿童在生命科学领域的自发概念,包括对生长、衰老、疾病和死亡等生命现象的认知,探查儿童对日常生活中物理学概念（如力等）的朴素认知,力图发现儿童早期认知中的潜力,同时探明他们相应的错误概念,并采用教育干预实验,促进儿童科学概念的转化。还探查影响儿童科学概念发展的因素,包括外部教育条件以及个体认知能力（如心理理论发展水平,推理能力等）。研究发现,儿童在接受正规的科学教育前就对人类重要的科学领域形成了自己的“朴素理论”,他们用这种理论来解释现实世界的现象。作者主张儿童的科学教育（包括健康教育）应该以儿童的“朴素理论”为基础,从而真正做到因材施教