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501.
信息是心理战进攻的主要武器,以造成心理杀伤为最终目标。为了更好地研究心理战防御,需要首先对信息损伤的特点进行研究。本文通过“非典”流行期间信息损伤的调查,界定了信息损伤的概念,总结了信息损伤的特点,分析了信息损伤的影响因素,提出了未来信息损伤的研究方向 相似文献
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504.
言语与手部运动之间存在复杂的联系。该文总结了两类手部运动(伴随言语发生的手势运动和抓握运动)与言语之间关系的行为和脑科学研究成果。发现:(1)伴随言语产生的意义手势可促进言语加工,特别是词汇的提取过程;(2)观察手的抓握运动影响言语产生时唇的运动和声音成分;(3)对词语的知觉影响抓握运动的早期计划阶段;(4)言语产生可增加手运动皮层的兴奋性。作者由此认为,言语加工与手势间的联系不仅表现为神经通路的重叠和相互激活,而且可能在外显行为上也相互影响 相似文献
505.
在IRT框架下,建立了0-1评分方式下单维双参数Logistic多题多做(MAMI)测验模型。与Spray给出的一题多做(MASI)模型相比,MAMI不仅模型更加精致,而且扩展了适用范围,参数估计方法也不同,采用EM算法求取项目参数。Monte Carlo模拟结果显示,应用MAMI测验模型与测验题量作相应增加的作法相比,两者给出的能力估计精度相同,但MAMI模型给出的项目参数估计精度更高。如果将MAMI测验模型与被试人数相应增加的作法相比,项目参数的估计精度相同,但MAMI给出的能力参数估计精度更高。这个发现表明,在一定条件下若允许修改答案,并采用累加式记分方式,纵使题量不变,也可使能力估计的精度相当于题量增加一倍的估计精度,而项目参数估计精度也会提高。这些发现不仅对技能评价和认知能力评价有参考价值,而且对数据的处理方式也有参考价值 相似文献
506.
雷茵霍尔德·尼布尔(Reinhold Niebuhr,1892-1971)是二十世纪美国最著名的神学家、思想家,是新正统派神学的代表,是基督教现实主义的奠基人。本文着眼于尼布尔思想中的三个重要概念———人的自由、罪与爱———的分析,并简略地阐述它们之间的关系。自由是人的本质属性,罪因自由而成为可能,确定了罪的不可避免性。同时,人的自由又展现出爱的可能性。在尼布尔思想中,人的自由、罪与爱三者彼此纠缠,处于巨大的张力之中。 相似文献
507.
A specific recommendation of the 1999 Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing by the American Educational Research Association, the American Psychological Association, and the National Council on Measurement in Education is that test publishers report estimates of the conditional standard error of measurement (SEM). Procedures for calculating the conditional (score-level) SEM based on raw scores are well documented; however, few procedures have been developed for estimating the conditional SEM of subtest or composite scale scores resulting from a nonlinear transformation. Item response theory provided the psychometric foundation to derive the conditional standard errors of measurement and confidence intervals for composite scores on the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-Third Edition. 相似文献
508.
Common resource dilemmas involve collectively coordinating individual choices to promote group efficiency. Equal division represents one of the most important coordination rules. Previous research suggests that individuals follow the equality rule for different reasons. Some individuals behave cooperatively out of their concern for other's welfare, whereas some individuals cooperate strategically to enhance personal gains. Building on the dual‐process perspective, the authors aim to differentiate strategic fairness from true fairness in solving a resource dilemma. In four experiments, the effect of cognitive processing manipulations on individual harvesting behavior in a one‐shot resource dilemma was tested against participants with different social values. Results consistently showed that prosocials, who value joint outcome and equality, requested significantly less money than did proselfs, who value personal gain. More importantly, prosocials in the intuition and deliberation conditions request similar amounts, whereas proselfs in the intuition condition request more money than those in the deliberation condition. The results were further validated by a follow‐up meta‐analysis based on the four experiments. The implications of the dual‐process perspective for social coordination research are discussed. 相似文献
509.
Don C. Zhang Xiaoyuan Zhu Kelsey‐Jo Ritter Aneeqa Thiele 《International Journal of Selection & Assessment》2019,27(4):299-314
In an effort to bridge the scientist–practitioner gap in the employee selection, some researchers have advocated telling stories to better communicate the value of evidence‐based hiring practices to human resource (HR) professionals. In this paper, we conducted two experiments that examine the efficacy of storytelling for overcoming managers’ resistance to use structured job interviews. In two experiments, we found that participants who read a story regarding the effectiveness of structured interviews, as opposed to receiving evidence‐based advice, reported more favorable attitudes toward structured job interviews. Serial mediation analysis revealed that the observed attitude change was mediated by an increase in narrative transportation and reduction in counterarguing. Implications for using stories in communicating the value of evidence‐based HR practices are discussed. 相似文献
510.
In this study, 2 experiments were conducted to investigate whether motivation and positive affect can alleviate ego depletion and to elucidate their possible mechanisms. In Experiment 1, a crossing‐out‐letter task was adapted to reach an ego depletion state for Chinese participants. Participants were then randomly assigned to the extrinsic motivation group, the positive affect group or the depletion control group. After the experimental treatment, a dumbbell task was used to measure participants' remaining self‐regulatory resources. The results showed that participants in the motivation and positive affect groups performed better on the dumbbell task than participants in the depletion control group. Experiment 2 was similar to Experiment 1 except that participants were asked to perform an additional unexpected dumbbell task after a neutral video following the above procedure. The results of Experiment 1 were replicated; however, participants' performance on the additional dumbbell task differed. The positive affect group performed better than the depletion control group, indicating an increase in self‐regulatory resources and thus supporting the replenishment effect of positive affect. No significant difference was found between the motivation group and the depletion control group. 相似文献