Perceptions of parent-adolescent communication within families: it is a matter of perspective

This study examined the concordance between parental and youth's perceptions regarding open communication in their families and its association with youth's psychosocial adjustment. The relative importance of parental and adolescents' perceptions of open family communication in relation to youth's psychosocial adjustment was also investigated. Participants were 336 parent-youth dyads from inner-city low-income communities in an eastern city in the United States. Both parental and youth's perceptions of open communication in the family were categorized into "high" and "low" groups using a median split in scores. Four parent-youth concordance groups (i.e. high-high, high-low, low-high and low-low) were derived based on the combination of the levels of parental and youth's perceptions. Parental and youth's perceptions about open communication were modestly correlated (r = 0.129, p < 0.05). The level of concordance differed by youth gender with male adolescents and their parents being more likely to perceive lower levels of open communication (i.e. "low-low") than females and their parents (32% versus 19%, p < 0.05). In general, youth demonstrated poorer psychosocial adjustment if they perceived a lower level of open communication between them and their parents, independent of the level of their parents' perceptions (e.g. "high" or "low"). The findings suggest an important role of adolescents' own perceptions of the openness of the family communication in relation to adolescent psychosocial adjustment. Developmentally and gender appropriate intervention programs are needed to improve the openness of parent-adolescent communication, to help both parents and youth to recognize the significant preventive role of open communication in the family, especially, the socioeconomically disadvantaged families.     

共同体主义还是共和主义?——桑德尔政治哲学立场评定与剖析

本文通过对桑德尔政治哲学思想的梳理和分析得出,桑德尔的政治哲学立场并非像国内学者普遍所界定的"共同体主义",而是共和主义.在做此界定之后,本文着力于分析共同体主义的理论缺陷以及桑德尔排斥"共同体主义"标签而发展共和主义的理由所在;最后本文指出,桑德尔所坚持的现代共和主义本身亦有着诸多尴尬之处.     

Author Index • Volume 119 • 2004

Authors Index

Author Index Volume 119 2004     

《封神演义》与宗教

<封神演义>的主题是歌颂仁政,痛斥暴政,伸张正义,鞭挞邪恶.<封神演义>那些宗教的和貌似宗教的描写,皆紧紧围绕这一积极的主题,起到了很好的作用.特别是貌似宗教的神魔斗法的情节,变幻奇诡,光怪陆离,创造了大量脍炙人口的经典性的新神话,使作品与<西游记>一起揭开了"神魔小说"的新篇章.故而,<封神演义>仍不失为一部优秀的古典小说.     

对本雅明文艺批评中"Aura"概念的梳理

“Aura”在本雅明的文艺批评中是一个非常重要的概念,本文采取文本细读的方式,对有关此概念的论述进行梳理,以对“Aura”进行多层次的界定,并以此作为契入点,来考察本雅明对现代艺术和古典艺术的看法。     

Locating volition

In this paper, it is examined how neuroscience can help to understand the nature of volition by addressing the question whether volitions can be localized in the brain. Volitions, as acts of the will, are special mental events or activities by which an agent consciously and actively exercises her agency to voluntarily direct her thoughts and actions. If we can pinpoint when and where volitional events or activities occur in the brain and find out their neural underpinnings, this can substantively aid to demystify the concept of volition. After first discussing some methodological issues regarding whether it is possible to locate volition in the brain, various approaches by which neuroscientists and psychologists explore the neural correlates and substrates of volition are examined. Although different psychological conceptualizations of volition shape different perspectives toward understanding the functions of volition, the explorations of the neural basis of volition converge on certain common brain areas and structures. A unifying conception of volition that helps to make better sense of recent empirical findings is then suggested.     

近现代中国文化名人人格的初步研究

对近现代１５０位中国文化名人的人格,运用问卷调查、人格评定以及个案分析等方法进行了研究,结果表明：近现代中国文化名人的名声等级的排列顺序、他们的整体人格概况及其影响因素、鲁迅等人的个案分析。     

不同反应方式对双作业操作信息干扰的影响

本研究采用单作业双作业操作,探讨了不同反应方式对双作业操作信息干扰的影响。实验结果证明;若采用相同的反应方式,同时操作的两种作业就会产生相互干扰,降低作业绩效;相反,若采用不同反应方式将减小双作业操作的相互干扰,提高双作业操作绩效。     

通过样例和问题求解学习物理──加强对条件的认知

这项研究支持了我们先前的研究结果,即知识可以表征为一组产生式规则,产生式规则的学习可以通过考察样例和通过问题求解的方式进行。这项研究特别探讨了加强对于产生式的条件认知加工活动的效果。结果表明了我们这一构思的有效性。此外,还讨论了这一学习模式的学习过程。     

频率差异假设和长时记忆的视优效应

本文包括长时记忆视优效应的三项实验。实验一使用汉语为学习材料,北京人与广东人为被试;实验二使用英语为学习材料、美国人与中国人为被试;实验三使用日语为学习材料、日本人为被试。三项实验都有视觉、听觉两种呈现方式。三项实验的结果都有利于证明频率差异假设,即如果在书面言语中经验某字词的频率高于在口语中经验该字词的频率,则该字词的视觉呈现优于听觉呈现。