天趣:中国盆景艺术的审美理想

中国的盆景艺术以追求"天趣"为最高审美理想.本文讨论几个与盆景"天趣"相关的理论问题:第一,盆景艺术的形成与"观生意"的哲学密切相关;第二,盆景艺术的以小见大,小不是对大的概括,盆景不是微缩景观;第三,古拙是中国盆景的基本美学风格,它所反映的不是病态的审美趣味,而是崇尚生命的哲学精神;第四,盆景的捆缚扭曲虽然有伤物性,但其总体旨趣则是为了巧夺天工,遵循的是崇尚自然而不是割裂自然的思想;第五,中国盆景艺术的魅力来自于境界的创造,而不是简单的形式美感.     

丹丘子——仙家道人之通称

丹丘、丹丘山、丹丘子、丹丘生、丹丘羽人……是古诗文和道家文献经常提到的,尤其是被誉为茶圣的唐代隐士陆羽(733-804),先后四次在<茶经>和<顾渚山记>中引述<神异记>提及丹丘子,余姚人虞洪遇丹丘子获大茗的故事因此广为茶人熟知.专家、学者对丹丘子各有见解,有些则明显有误.综合多种文献,笔者以为丹丘子是众多仙家道人的通称或别号.     

技术批判理论的理论基础和发展趋势——安德鲁·费恩伯格教授访谈录

费恩伯格(Andrew Lewis Feenberg)是加拿大西蒙·弗雷泽大学信息与传媒学院教授、技术哲学研究会主席,当代西方有代表性的技术批判理论家,曾师从西方马克思主义者戈德曼、马尔库塞.著有<马克思、卢卡奇和批判理论的来源>、<技术批判理论>、<可选择的现代性>、<追问技术>、<海德格尔和马尔库塞:技术的大灾难和大拯救>等多部著作,编辑出版了<技术与知识政治学>、<技术与现代性>等,发表论文几十篇.     

分散空间注意条件下客体特征一致性对视觉特征错觉性结合的影响

本研究通过设置对空间注意资源的分配实施强行操作的情形下,探讨了主、次作业客体形状一致性和次作业客体间距对乏空间注意区次作业客体颜色、形状特征的检测及对特征错觉性结合的影响。实验结果表明：（１）分散空间注意使次作业区域注意减弱,对客体及其颜色和形状特征的识别均产生明显影响．而且对形状的影响又大于颜色;（２）特征错觉性结合率,主、次作业客体形状一致时比客体形状不一致时明显增大;（３）次作业客体间距对特征错觉性结合率无明显影响,但客体形状一致性和客体间距之间存在明显交互作用．     

Predictors of media multitasking in Chinese adolescents

We examined predictors of media multitasking in Chinese adolescents from 3 contexts: characteristics of the media user, types of media use and family media contexts. Three hundred and twenty adolescents, 11–18 years of age, completed questionnaires to measure media use, impulsivity, sensation seeking, time management disposition and family media environment. The results showed that media multitasking was positively correlated with age and total media use time. Participants with high levels of impulsivity and sensation seeking reported more multitasking behaviour. Multitasking was negatively correlated with time management. Children from media‐oriented families often engage in more multitasking. What's more, social networking sites use and music use can mediate the effect of individual and family factors on media multitasking.     

Do CEOs Matter to Firm Strategic Actions and Firm Performance? A Meta‐Analytic Investigation Based on Upper Echelons Theory

What roles do CEOs play in firm performance? To address this question, the management field has accumulated a substantial amount of research over the past 3 decades built on upper echelons theory (UET), which posits that CEO characteristics manifest in firm strategic actions and, in this way, future firm performance. Hence, there is a need to systematically amass and take stock of prior empirical findings for UET testing and development. We use meta‐analytic techniques to synthesize prior UET research on the relationships among commonly studied CEO characteristics, firm strategic actions, and future firm performance. Based on 308 studies, meta‐analytic results generally support UET's predictions with a few exceptions: CEO characteristics (i.e., tenure, formal education, prior career experience, and positive self‐concept) are significantly associated with firm strategic actions, which in turn are significantly related to future firm performance. Moreover, CEO characteristics (i.e., age, tenure, formal education, and prior career experience) are positively related to future firm performance. In addition, fine‐grained analyses have revealed interesting and important relationships between specific measures of CEO characteristics (e.g., CEO prior task experience) and firm outcomes (e.g., firm strategic actions that match with CEO prior task experience). Implications for theory, future research, and practice are discussed.     

Electrodeposition,assisted by abrasive polishing,of crack-free hard chromium with compressive stress

Crack networks and residual tensile stresses are general characteristics of electrodeposited hard chromium coatings. In this paper, crack-free hard chromium coatings with compressive stresses have been obtained by an electrodeposition process assisted by abrasive polishing. The deposited coatings had mirror-like smooth surfaces, values of hardness in the range 800–1000 HV and compressive stresses between 1000 and 1600 MPa. A model involving hydrogen disentanglement from the lattice is proposed to explain the effects of abrasive polishing on the complete elimination of cracks and the generation of a compressive stress. This explanation is discussed in terms of the variations in properties of the coating with the rotation speed of the cathode.     

初中生函数概念发展的特点

本研究通过测验法对北京市六所中学的８０２名初一至初三的学生进行考察,研究了初中生函数要领的发展水平及其特点,结果表明,初中三个年级学生函数要领的发展,从总体上看,随着看级的增高呈上升的发展趋势,但年级结学生函数概念发展的影响不显著,制约 初中学生函数的概念发展水平的关键是,学生所受教育的质量,学生主要以接受教育的方式来获得函数概念。     

说普通话儿童的语音习得

以说普通话的１２９名一岁半至四岁半儿童的口语资料为基础,首次确定了正常发展的普通话儿童在语音习得过程中各年龄段的音位集合、音位习得的先后顺序、及习得过程中典型的语音简化类型。研究结果可以应用到普通话儿童语音发展水平标准化测试,及对患有语音障碍的儿童的诊断。此外,研究结果还表明在普通话儿童的语音习得中同时体现了各语言共有的“普遍趋势”和普通话独有的语音特征,从而为跨语言语音习得的研究提供了新的证据,进一步发展了儿童语音习得的理论。