内隐记忆研究的实验方法探索：重学──分离法及其测量效应

为客观计量初学后潜留的内隐记忆效应和探索内隐记忆叠加效应的内在机制,创用了“重学──分离法”。结果发现：“重学──分离法”能有效地测得初学后内隐记忆的保存量;重学后内隐记忆的叠加效应明显,增值为６３．４％;内隐记忆效应与年龄、学历（知识水平）之间无确定的对应关系。     

配对词组的难度对策略使用效果的影响

探讨人工合成配对词组的难度对精加工策略使用效果的影响。材料为２６对根据其联想程度高低分为两组的配对名词组。各分为４组的一、三、五年级学生采用不同策略学习上述材料。研究结果表明：策略确实提高了被试的总体学习成绩;被试学习难度低的材料与难度高的材料相比,策略的促进效果更明显。该结果说明,材料难度极大地影响对策略的使用效果。     

现代知识分类思想下的学习迁移理论述评

本文概括并评论了在知识分类思想前提下三种主要的迁移理论,即认知结构迁移理论,产生式迁移理论和反省认知迁移理论。     

Structural priming from simple arithmetic to Chinese ambiguous structures: evidence from eye movement

Cognitive Processing - This article explores the domain generality of hierarchical representation between linguistic and mathematical cognition by adopting the structural priming paradigm in an...     

The Rule of Virtue: A Confucian Response to the Ethical Challenges of Technocracy

Science and Engineering Ethics - A variety of approaches have appeared in academic literature and in design practice representing “ethics-first” methods. These approaches typically...     

Varsity medical ethics debate 2018: constant health monitoring - the advance of technology into healthcare

The 2018 Varsity Medical Ethics debate convened upon the motion: “This house believes that the constant monitoring of our health does more harm than good”. This annual debate between students from the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge is now in its tenth year. This year’s debate was hosted at the Oxford Union on 8th of February 2018, with Oxford winning for the Opposition, and was the catalyst for the collation and expansion of ideas in this paper.New technological devices have the potential to enhance patient autonomy, improve patient safety, simplify the management of chronic diseases, increase connectivity between patients and healthcare professionals and assist individuals to make lifestyle changes to improve their health. However, these are pitted against an encroachment of technology medicalising the individual and home, an exacerbation of health inequalities, a risk to the security of patient data, an alteration of the doctor-patient relationship dynamic and an infringement on individual self-identity. This paper will draw upon and develop these concepts, while contending arguments for and against constant health monitoring. This is not a review of medical devices and health monitoring, but a reflective development and more detailed elaboration of the main points highlighted in the 2018 Varsity Medical Ethics debate.     

短影片启动情绪对注意偏向的影响

研究采用短影片启动情绪的技术,用积极和消极的两种情绪效价词作为认知材料,请大学生做被试,研究被试在不同情绪状态下是否存在注意偏向性.结果表明:(1)通过短影片启动情绪的效果十分显著,说明人们很容易受影片的影响而出现情绪的变化.(2)注意的倾向性总体来说呈现心境一致性效应,与情绪一致的信息更容易被划入人们的认知范围.(3)短影片情绪启动效果不存在性别差异,而注意受情绪影响的程度存在性别差异.     

哲学是什么与做什么?

在人类精神世界中,哲学是一个历史悠久、内涵丰富而又变化无穷的领域。走近哲学的历史,我们看到的是一场接一场的辩论,人类的理性、思想和智慧在这里相互砥砺,竞长争高。辩论以问题为中心,旧的问题还没有完全解决,新的问题又随之产生。就连哲学是什么这个需要首先回答的问题也众说纷纭,莫衷一是。哲学作为一个学科始终处于未完成状态,这也许正是它的常态。对于哲学是什么与做什么,需要不断地追问。这是哲学令人困惑之处,也是其充满魅力的原因所在。     

政治哲学视域中的明代王学兴起

明代王学作为一个主旨大体相近的思想共同体,在中晚明社会大兴其道。王学的兴起,蕴含着值得我们反思的政治意味。王学切中当时思想界溺于旁求外袭的时弊,注重个体的内在资源对于社会生活、政治生活的意义,将治世之事转向内在的治心之事;王学在理论上简易直接、打动人心,王学中人多希望以悦服心灵的方式来推行儒家的理想、教条和秩序,其意在"收拾人心"并进而实现政治理想;王学中人深入民间进行社会教育,在明代严酷的官场政治之外,通过简易平常的哲学话语以及书院会讲、制定乡约等手段来改造心灵和社会,表明了王学在政治鼓动问题上提倡向下的社会路线。     

Influence of Religion on Prosociality: A Priming Study of Buddhist Concepts among Nonbelievers in China

ABSTRACT

From a theoretical perspective, there is consensus that religion is positively associated with prosocial behaviors. However, rather little is known about whether religion can increase the accessibility of prosocial concepts among nonbelievers. In the current study, we explored the influence of religion on the accessibility of such concepts among nonbelievers of Buddhism using supraliminal and subliminal priming techniques. Specifically, we employed 20 each of Buddhist and neutral words as priming stimuli, along with 20 each of prosocial and antisocial words as target stimuli. Participants were asked to determine, as quickly and as accurately as possible, if a presented word had a prosocial or antisocial meaning. In Study 1, participants were supraliminally primed (200 ms) with Buddhist words. The results showed that participants recognized prosocial words more quickly than they did antisocial words when primed with Buddhist words than with neutral words. In Study 2, we used subliminal priming (38 ms), and obtained the same results as in Study 1. Taken together, the results suggest that Buddhist concepts, whether primed explicitly or implicitly, increased the mental accessibility of prosocial concepts.